Linking perceived land and water resources degradation,scarcity and livelihood conflicts in southwestern Tanzania: implications for sustainable rural livelihood |
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Authors: | Z J U Malley M Taeb T Matsumoto H Takeya |
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Institution: | (1) Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Cooperatives, Agricultural Research Institute, Uyole, P.O. Box 400, Mbeya, Tanzania;(2) Institute of Advanced Studies, United Nations University, 6F, International Organizations Center, Pacifico-Yokohama, 1-1-1 Minato Mirai, Nishi-ku, Yokohama, 220-0012, Japan;(3) International Cooperation Center for Agricultural Education (ICCAE), Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan |
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Abstract: | In Africa, the land and water resources quality are key factors for sustainable development. The degradation of the quality
of these resources leads to scarcities and conflicts, which together threaten the sustainability of rural livelihoods. This
work investigated and analysed the livelihoods conflicts over the land and water resources and their scarcities, policies
that contributed to the land and water scarcities and the livelihood conflicts and linkage of the conflicts to the resources
scarcities and degradation. Implications of degradation of the resources, development policies and livelihoods conflicts on
sustainable development are discussed. Literature study, visits and discussions, participatory assessments, observations and
questionnaire survey were used tools to collect data. Interviews of the 266 households revealed that, those experiencing the
land and water scarcities and conflicts over these resources are significantly (p < 0.001) higher than those not experiencing the scarcities and conflicts. Crop-livestock competition, over the land and water
resources causes prominent conflicts. A significant, (p < 0.05) associations of livelihoods conflicts to water shortage and period of water shortage for crop and livestock production
were found. Improved accessibility to soil and water management technologies, wildlife–livestock co-existence, recognition
of needs and land rights for pastoralists are recommended to minimize scarcities and herders versus farmers’ conflicts. |
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Keywords: | Crop and livestock production Farmers versus pastoralists’ livelihood conflicts Land and water scarcities Sustainable development Wildlife-livestock co-existence |
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