不同耕作方式对土壤性质与玉米生长的影响研究

通过种植前对土壤进行不同耕作处理试验,探讨不同耕作方式和耕作深度（30 cm,35 cm,45 cm）对土壤理化性状及玉米（Zea mays L）根系生长的影响。结果表明,三种耕作方式对土壤容重、土壤含水量、土壤微生物总量、玉米根系生长的影响表现为：深松耕作〉传统耕作〉免耕。其中,深松耕作对表层土壤（0～25 cm）容重降低作用大于深层土壤（25～45 cm）;对增加土壤含水量、增加土壤微生物总量、促进玉米根系生长方面的作用,深层土壤大于表层土壤;从不同耕作深度进行比较,深松45 cm〉深松35 cm〉深松30 cm〉传统耕作,即耕作越深,对土壤物理性状和作物根系生长影响越大。不同耕作处理间玉米产量无显著性差异。综合研究区的土壤性质、作物生长、自然环境等因素,雨养农区可采用免耕—深松的循环耕作模式,改良土壤性质,提高经济效益。

Effects of Different Tillage Managements on Soil Properties and Corn Growth

The effects of different tillage managements on soil properties and corn productivities were evaluated in this paper.Tillage treatments included conventional tillage,deep ploughing to 30 cm,35 cm and 45 cm,and no-tillage.The results indicated that deep ploughing has stronger effects on soil bulk density,water content,soil microbial population and corn root growth performance than conventional tillage and no-tillage.The deep ploughing treatment reduced the soil bulk density more in 0～25 cm layer than 25～45 cm layer.The deep ploughing treatment increased the soil moisture,the total soil microbes and root length density more in 25～45 cm layer than 0～25 cm layer.The deeper of tillage the greater effect on soil physical properties and corn root growth,with order of deep ploughing tillage（45 cm）,deep ploughing tillage（35 cm）,deep ploughing tillage（30 cm）,and conventional tillage.The corn yield has not significant difference between different tillage treatments.In view of soil properties,corn growth and natural environment,the cycle pattern of no-tillage and deep ploughing tillage was a better management practice for dryland in Beijing,to improve soil properties and increase economic benefits.