港口低排区气态污染控制的国际经验与中国的实践

港口区域排放已成为影响中国沿海港口城市环境空气质量的重要因素。港口低排区规划是控制港口污染的重要措施之一。我国港口污染治理起步较晚，但一系列法律、法规的出台为全面推进船舶和港口污染防治工作奠定了坚实的基础。设立港口“低排区”已经成为部分国家和地区用于解决港口空气污染问题的新兴手段和重要措施。以深圳港为例，港口区域排放已成为当地重要的大气污染源，该港口的各类污染源的影响从大至小依次为远洋船舶、运输车辆、内河船舶、作业机械，应采取针对性措施控制污染排放。通过计算污染物排放的PM_2.5当量，可以看出港口低排区方案实施后是所要求减排量的1.2倍。虽然目前中国港口污染治理取得了一定成效，但仍需加强区域合作和政策支持以进一步推动港口污染控制。同时，其他国家和地区在港口低排区方面的管理经验也值得借鉴，以利于港口污染控制方案的落实。

International experience and China's practice of gaseous pollution control in low emission port

Port regional emission has become an important factor affecting the environmental air quality of coastal port cities in China. Port low emission area is one of the important measures to control port pollution. China's port pollution control started late, but with the introduction of a series of policies, laws and regulations, it laid a solid foundation for comprehensively promoting the prevention and control of vessel and port pollution. The establishment of port low emission area has become a new and important measure for some countries and regions to solve the problem of port air pollution. In a China southern city, port area emission has become an important local air pollution source. From large to small, the contribution rate of all kinds of pollution sources in this port is ocean going vessel, transportation vehicles, inland vessel and operation machinery. By calculating the PM_2.5 equivalent of pollutant emission, it can see that after the implementation of the port low emission area scheme, the reduction of particulate matter is 1.2 times of the required emission reduction. Although China's port pollution control has achieved some results at present, it still needs to strengthen regional cooperation and policy support to further promote port pollution control. At the same time, the management experience of other countries in low-row areas of ports is also worth learning, which is beneficial to ensure the implementation of port pollution control plans.