近30年鸭绿江口滨海湿地景观格局演变及其社会驱动力研究

为揭示鸭绿江口滨海湿地景观格局动态，支撑滨海湿地资源保护利用与科学规划，本文以1990、2000、2010和2019年遥感影像为数据源，利用景观格局指数和多元回归分析，对鸭绿江口滨海湿地景观格局变化及其社会驱动力进行分析。结果表明:近30年来芦苇湿地和林地显著萎缩，动态度分别为?1.00%和?1.22%，而水库坑塘、养殖场和建设用地面积大幅增加，动态度分别为5.95%、0.83%和5.29%；与1990年相比，2019年水稻田、养殖场、水库坑塘等人工湿地和建设用地斑块数量和密度增大，芦苇湿地斑块面积和密度、破碎化指数及平均分形维数减小；根据景观多样性指数、均匀度指数等整体景观格局指数，湿地景观动态变化可以以1995年和2010年为节点分为3个阶段，景观多样性指数和均匀度指数的降低以及最大斑块面积指数和蔓延度指数的升高反映了人类活动对景观格局的深刻影响；国民生产总值和水产养殖产量等社会经济指标的提升是景观变化、天然湿地面积减少及景观斑块趋于规则化的主要关联因子。

Dynamic evolvement of landscape pattern and its driving forces in Yalujiang delta coastal wetland during the last 30 years

Using landscape pattern index and multiple regression analysis combined the 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2019 remote sensing images to explore landscape pattern fluctuation and the mechanism of social environment driving factors in Yalujiang delta wetland during the past 30 years. The result showed: (1) the total area of reed wetland and forest decreased significantly, with the dynamic degrees of ?1.00% and ?1.22% respectively. On the contrary the area of land type reservoir, pond, farm, and construction land increased dramatically, with the dynamic degrees of 5.95%, 0.83% and 5.29% respectively. (2) the number and density of landscape patches of paddy field, farm, reservoir, pond and construction land showed a rising trend. Patches number, patches density and index of fragmentation and the average fractal dimension of reed wetland landscape occurred a sharp reduction. (3) Overall, landscape diversity index, landscape evenness index can be divided into three phases during 1995 to 2010. The decrease of diversity index and evenness index and the increase of the largest patch index and contagion index can reveal the effect of human activities on the landscape patterns. (4) The raise of social-economic indicators GDP and output of seawater culturing was the major driving force to change the landscape pattern and reduce the area of natural wetland. This study can provide important reference for the future protection, utilization and planning of coastal wetland in Yalujiang delta.