基于3S技术的危险废物污染事故预警系统

运用卫星遥感(RS)技术、地理信息系统(GIS)和全球定位系统(GPS),按国家、省、市、县4级模式,建立突发性危险废物污染事故预警系统.国家级预警系统主要对跨省界及跨国突发性污染事故进行应急处置,对省级应急事故处置进行指导;省级预警系统主要对跨市界突发性污染事故进行应急处置,并指导市级污染事故应急处置;市级预警系统主要负责跨县界突发性污染事故的应急处置并指导县级污染事故应急处置;县级预警系统主要负责本行政区内的突发性污染事故的应急处置.建立4级预警系统的主要目的是使各级政府突出重点,集中解决本行政区域内突发性环境污染事故的应急处置,从管理层面上在全国建立一个能对突发性污染事故实施统一指挥协调、现场快速监测和应急处理,又能对污染隐患进行监控和警告的应急响应系统.以辽宁省辽河为案例,通过3S技术的综合运用,构建省级流域突发性危险废物污染事故预警系统方案,为政府应急决策提供快速服务.

Hazardous waste pollution preparedness system based on the 3S technology

The present paper aims to introducing the authors' work on preparing a Hazardous Waste Pollution Preparedness System based on the 3S Technology,that is,the Remote-Sensing(RS),the Geographical Information System(GIS) and the Global Positioning System(GPS).The so-called Hazardous Waste Pollution Preparedness System has been taken to form a four-level comprehensive hazardous waste pollution preparedness system including those of the state,provincial,municipal as well as the county.The state-level is assigned to be in charge of the province-boundary hazardous waste pollution emergencies and guides the provincial level hazardous waste pollution preparedness system,while the provincial level system is in charge of the intercity-boundary waste pollution businesses and gives instructions to the city-level system.The city-level is responsible for the county-boundary hazardous waste pollution incidents and emergencies and gives instructions to the work of the county-level system.And,in turn,the county-level is to manage things with the inter-county hazardous waste pollution preparedness system.Therefore a hazardous waste preparedness system all over the country will be made to work efficiently,which will enable the entire in-site environmental monitoring system to work steadily and fast in quickly disposing,integratedly leading and forecasting the likely pollution emergencies to occur by applying the 3S technology.Furthermore,the paper has also discussed the supporting conditions of the technology and the economic feasibility of the method.A case study in Liaohe River,Liaoning,has also been introduced to demonstrate how the system has actually been working based on 3S technology.