事故树分析法在预防自动取款机犯罪活动中的应用

笔者将事故树分析法(FTA)运用到银行领域,预防作案人利用自动取款机(ATM)进行犯罪活动,定性分析其犯罪活动发生的过程,导出引起犯罪活动发生的基本原因事件;建立了相应的事故树图;得出了最小割集、最小径集,比较了各基本原因事件的割集重要系数。最后结合各基本原因事件,从人-机-环系统的角度出发(用户和银行方面、ATM自身设计、环境布置),为银行ATM系统安全性能方面的改善,控制犯罪活动的发生提出一些应对措施。

Application of FTA in Preventing Crimes of ATM

The fault tree analysis (FTA) has the logic features, of which the possible failure and the cause are denoted by a tree figure called fault tree. According to media report, the main styles and various means of ATM crimes were summarized. FTA was used to analyze the non-production process qualitatively; the basic reasons leading to crimes were obtained. The corresponding fault tree was set up; the minimum cut set and path set were got. The importance of the cut set was compared. At last, integrating the basic reasons, some essential measures for the improvement of its safety performance and the control of the crimes were put forward via the relation of man-machine-environment system (users and banks; the design of ATM; environmental disposal).