岷江上游山区聚落生态位地理特征与驱动因子间关系研究

山区聚落生态位反映聚落在山地垂直方向上所处的空间位置及人类生活所能利用的资源空间,是当地居民长期适应山地自然环境的结果。基于岷江上游各民族山区聚落生态位和气象、社会、地形驱动因子的空间分布,借助冗余分析,构建山区聚落生态位地理特征与驱动因子间的多水平贝叶斯模型,定量刻画聚落生态位的民族属性对山区聚落生态位地理特征与驱动因子间关系的影响。结果表明:(1)影响研究区域内1 667个与各民族聚落生态位地理特征的驱动因子有显著差异,海拔和坡度对前者影响较大,海拔、坡度、干季和湿季湿度、距河流距离对后者影响较大,且海拔对两者的影响程度都最大,海拔和坡度地形驱动因子与干、湿季湿度和距河流距离间的相关性较弱。(2)干、湿季湿度气象驱动因子对藏-羌聚落生态位地理特征影响较大,距河流距离和距县城距离社会驱动因子、海拔和坡度地形驱动因子对藏族聚落生态位地理特征影响较大,这与藏族聚落生态位的分布面积和个数有关。(3)民族类型对聚落生态位地理特征指标与气象因子干季湿度间关系的影响最大,对聚落生态位地理特征指标与地形因子坡度间关系的影响最小。岷江上游山区聚落生态位地理特征与驱动因子间关系的研究,为量化山区聚落生态位与山地环境的关系提供了有效的数据支撑。

STUDY ON RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES OF MOUNTAINOUS SETTLEMENT ECOLOGICAL NICHE AND DRIVING FACTORS IN THE UPPER REACHES OF MIN RIVER

The mountainous settlement ecological niche could reflect located spatial position of the settlement vertically along the mountain and resources space available to the settlement for sustenance, which is consequence of the local settlers adapt to mountainous natural environment in the long-term. Based on the spatial distribution of mountainous settlement ecological niche of individual nationality categories and meteorological, social, and topographical driving factors, this study established the Multilevel Bayesian Model between the geographical features of mountainous settlement ecological niche (the area, perimeter, and the ratio of perimeter to area of mountainous settlement ecological niche) and driving factors (meteorological, social, and topographical driving factors) by Redundant Analysis and Bayesian theory. It could quantify the affect of nationality category on the relationships between the geographical features of mountainous settlement ecological niche and driving factors. The detailed results were as following:1) There were obvious differences between driving factors impacted on the geographical features of whole 1667 nationalities in the study site and that influenced on the geographical features of individual nationalities, the altitude and slope have further impact on the former, the altitude, slope, dry humidity, wet humidity, and distance to river have further effect on the latter. Besides, the topographical driving factor altitude played an important role both the whole 1667 nationalities and individual nationalities. The topographical driving factors altitude and slope were weakly correlated to humidity of dry season, humidity of wet season, distance to river. 2) The humidity of dry season and humidity of wet season significant effected on the geographical features of Tibetan and Qiang nationalities settlement ecological niches, and the social driving factors distance to river, distance to county, the topographical factors altitude and slope significantly impacted on geographical features of Tibetan settlement ecological niche which related to its distributed areas and number. 3) The nationality category had furthest impact on the relationships between geographical features of mountainous settlement ecological niche and meteorological factor dry humidity, the second was social driving factor distance to county, the last one was topographical driving factor slope. In summary, the study on the relationships between the geographical features of mountainous settlement ecological niche and driving factors could provide the data support for quantifying the relationship between settlement ecological niche and mountainous environment.