基于水足迹的区域生态补偿标准及时空格局研究

水资源是一种公共物品,其效益外部性使得水资源保护与开发利用成本应由相关的若干区域共同承担,因此,建立合理的区域生态补偿标准模型及区域内外共同补偿机制是当前生态经济领域的研究前沿。通过构建水足迹与生态补偿标准模型,对江西省及11地市水足迹与水生态补偿标准进行了估算。主要结果如下:2000~2013年,江西省总生产水足迹呈现先下降后增长的趋势,粮食、水产品、猪肉生产所占比重较大,水盈余呈波动下降趋势。11地市生产水足迹与水足迹效率呈上升趋势,除南昌市出现水赤字要支付生态补偿资金外,其余各市均有水盈余,应获得生态补偿资金。2000~2013年江西省水盈余共需补偿1 805.76亿元,平均每年128.98亿元。赣南的赣州市、赣中的吉安市、赣东北的上饶市、赣东的抚州市获得补偿额较高,将优先获得区域内外生态补偿额度。该研究结果可为生态文明先行示范区与区域生态补偿机制建立提供一定的科学依据。

STUDY ON THE STANDARD OF REGIONAL ECOLOGICAL COMPENSATION AND THE SPATIAL TEMPORAL PATTERN BASED ON WATER FOOTPRINT

Water resource is a kind of public goods, and the external benefits of protection and exploitation of water resources should be shared by the relevant regions. Therefore, we focused on ecological economy and paid attention to establishing a reasonable ecological compensation standard model. In this paper we estimated the water footprint, ecological compensation standard in Jiangxi Province and its 11 cities. The main results are as follows:the water footprint of Jiangxi Province showed a firstly decreasing and then increasing trend during 2000-2013, and the larger proportion of the footprint were occupied by foods, aquatic products and pork productions. Total water surplus declined step by step and the production water footprint and water footprint efficiency showed increasing trends in the 11 cities of Jiangxi Province. Except Nanchang, other 10 cities had water surplus and should be provided ecological compensation. With an average of 12.90 billion Yuan per year, the total compensation amount was 180.58 billion Yuan in Jiangxi Province during 2000-2013. The cities of Ganzhou, Ji'an, Shangrao, Fuzhou should obtain higher compensation amounts and receive priority for compensation. The research results provide a scientific basis for the establishment of ecological civilization and regional ecological compensation mechanism.