地下油料储存库火灾初期模式与安全性研究

使用模拟的地下油料储存库装置,对地下油料储存库火灾初期模式进行了实验研究.结合油料地下储存库火灾防治和安全性要求对实验结果进行了分析.结果表明,模拟油料地下储存库起火后,火灾初期模式与实验初始条件、边界条件和装置结构直接相关.在一定条件下,模拟油料地下储存库内出现爆燃向爆轰的转变;不同的环境条件下,火灾的模式不同;油料地下储存库内火灾的发展,油料的持续燃烧及发生燃烧的部位受通气条件和洞内复杂的烟气流向等条件控制.

A SIMULATED STUDIE OF THE FIRE PATTERNS IN THE INITIAL STAGES AND SAFETY IN A SIMULATIVE UNDERGROUND FUEL DEPOT

The present paper is engaged in an investigation and analysis of the fire patterns in initial stages of the fire starting in an underground fuel depot through a simulated experiment. The results of the authors' simulated experiment indicate that after the petrol-gas was ignited, the fire patterns in initial stages are directly related to the fire-starting conditions, the boundary conditions as well as the structure of the simulative depot. With the depot entirely closed-up, the chief fire pattern in initial stages is petrol-air mixture explosion, which involves the decrease and increase of the explosion, the transition from deflagration to detonation and so on. If the maximum pressure of the petrol-air mixture's deflagration exceeds 0.8 MPa, the maximum peak pressure of the explosion would go over 0.9 MPa. Our research has also disclosed a special phenomenon during the process from deflagration to detonation that if the spots of the simulative underground fuel are airtight, it would be impossible for the explosion to cause the fire. But if the port of the simulative underground fuel depot are opened, the fire in the initial stage would follow the general pattern of explosion, combustion, and continuous combustion from the inside and the outside of the depot. The spreading of the explosion is usually from weak to strong, from strong to weak and then transformation from deflagration to detonation in a rather complicated manner. The combustion process can be controlled by means of air drafting and changing the smoke flow conditions.