贵州赤水河流域生态红线区划分研究

为保持生态系统平衡,维持社会健康、有序的发展,实现可持续发展的战略目标,在生态环境敏感脆弱区和重要生态功能区划定生态红线,确定生态红线区分布范围,科学指导开发活动,对生态环境进行有效管理,是我国当前在国务院政策指导和学界智力支持下的一项重要工作任务。以贵州赤水河流域为研究对象,选用水土流失敏感性、石漠化敏感性评估作为环境生态本底评估,综合土壤保持功能、水源涵养功能、生物多样性保护功能和禁止开发区,将生态需要和社会服务功能有机结合,通过空间综合叠加分析与处理等技术手段,共划分出9大类生态红线区,总面积为5 030.58 km²,占整个流域面积的44.16%。结合赤水河流域的生态环境现状,提出了相应的生态红线区管理建议,期望为赤水河流域生态环境保护和后续科学研究提供一定的科学基础。

STUDY OF ECOLOGICAL RED-LINE ZONES IN GUIZHOU CHISHUI RIVER BASIN

The ecological environment is the essential requirement for living of human beings. In the recent years, the extensive mode of development at the expense of the environment leaded to the ecological environment worsening and seriously harmed the sustainable development and the countrys ecological security. Under these circumstances, the country put forward the ecological red-line, which is an insurmountable bottom line. With the aim to keep the balance of ecology and the need of sustainable development, to draw the ecological red-line of fragile and important ecological zone is the priority of environmental protection in China. Guizhou Chishui River Basin has its special geographical environment and is the production place of famous white spirit "Maotai". It has also national nature reserves. It plays an important role in special water resources, soil conservation and species diversity. This study was carried out based on the ecological red-line analysis of theory and methodology and chose the Chishui River as the study case to evaluate the sensitivity of karst rocky desertification and soil erosion, the importance of soil conservation, water conservation, and species diversity, and to find the most sensitive ecological zone and most important ecological function zone. An overlay analysis of development prohibition zone of spirit production in Chishui River and water conservation zone of Maotai was also carried out and the boundary of ecological red-line was determined in the end. The major results are as followed:There are 9 kinds of ecological red-line, being 5 030.58 km² in area, accounting for 44.16% of the total. There are many overlapping red-line zones in Chishui City and the important ecological function zone represents a significant share due to the special features of geography. The red line areas are mainly distributed in national nature reserve of Chishui City and Xishui County. Furthermore, with the consideration of local ecological environment and human activities in the comprehensive characteristics and the objective demand of the development, we also offer some suggestions for the management of ecological red-line zones in the Chishui River. First, adhere to the principle of the priority of special water resource conservation and pay equal attention to ecological protection and construction, combined with classification management and integrated management. Second, restrict access of industrial development and establish the mechanism of ecological compensation. Third, arrange reasonabl land use in red-line zones, carry out agricultural production without affecting the quality of ecological environment, and build a friendly way of land use. Forth, take the path of sustainable development to realize healthy and coordinated development of regional economic and environmental.