基于水生态功能区的巢湖环湖带生态服务功能评价

水生态功能区被认为是流域生态环境保护、治理与修复的基本单元,以其为基础进行生态服务功能评估对于流域内的土地利用结构优化配置、生态环境保护、治理与修复等都有重要的意义。选取巢湖环湖带,采用物质量的方法,对其12种生态服务功能进行评价,其中陆域生态系统4种,水域生态系统8种。研究结果表明:(1)研究区生态系统服务功能空间差异明显,南部和东北部较高,西北部和东南部较低;而研究区单位面积生态服务功能西部较高,东部较低;(2)生态服务功能总量较高的区域,其单位面积生态服务功能并不一定高;(3)环湖带生态系统服务功能的管理和恢复既要考虑生态服务功能总量的大小,也要考虑单位面积生态服务功能的大小,依据实际情况区别对待,生态服务功能较强的地区,应积极发挥其生态功能的优势,在保护与治理并重的情况下充分发挥其生态服务功能;生态服务功能较弱的地区,应采取一定的措施,在保护的基础上对其生态服务功能进行恢复。

ASSESSMENT OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES BASED ON AQUATIC ECOREGION OF THE AREA SURROUNDING THE CHAOHU LAKE

Aquatic ecoregion is considered a geographic unit for conservation, treatment and ecological restoration at basin scales. According to the method of material valuation and the geographic information system technique, assessment of ecosystem services based on aquatic ecoregion is important for optimization of land use, ecological environmental protection, treatment and restoration. The area surrounding the Chaohu Lake was selected as the study area in this paper. Twelve types of ecosystem services were quantified in this study, which are water regulation, water purification, soil protection, and habitat maintenance in terrestrial ecosystems and water supply, aquatic product production, water storage, water purification, climate regulation, carbon sequestration and oxygen release, waterlogging regulation, and biodiversity protection in water ecosystems, respectively. The results indicated that: (1) There were significant spatial differences of ecosystem services in the study area, which was higher in the south and northeast of study area, and lower in the northwest and southeast. Ecosystem services per unit area were higher in the west and lower in the east. (2) The areas where ecosystem service functions were high, may not be high in per unit area of them. Regulating services in per unit area in terrestrial ecosystems was higher in the southwest and northwest of study area, and lower in the northeast and southeast. Supporting services in per unit area in terrestrial ecosystems was higher in the south and north of study area, and lower in the east and west. Moreover, supporting services in per unit area in water ecosystems was higher in the west and southeast of the study area, and lower in the north. Regulating services in per unit area in water ecosystems was higher in the southwest and northwest of the study area, and lower in the south and north. (3) Management and restoration of ecosystem services should consider not only the total ecological service functions, but also the per unit area of them. According to the actual situation, the area where ecosystem service functions are higher, should actively pay equal attention to its ecosystem service function under the condition of the protection and management. On the other hand, its ecosystem service functions should be restored on the basis of the protection where ecosystem service functions are lower. The results have great significance to the development of regional industry and arrangement of land use among the agriculture, forestry, fishery and other industries. In order to coordinate and cooperate with each industry to form the development of the integrated system, it can be achieved the protection, optimization and rational utilization of natural resources and renewable natural resources.