典型复合包装的全生命周期环境影响评价研究

采用生命周期评价法研究了牛奶纸塑铝复合包装的全生命周期环境影响,并与塑料包装的环境影响进行比较评价.通过现场和资料调研的方式获得整个生命周期的能量物质的输入输出和环境外排的数据.结果表明,纸塑铝复合包装和塑料包装的环境影响值分别为5.225, 4.670Pt,在整个生命周期中,环境影响比重最大的是原材料获取阶段,两者均在80%左右.塑料包装在化石资源消耗方面是纸塑铝复合包装的2倍多,由于化石资源消耗是不可再生的,因此其对环境的影响无法通过相关途径降低.纸塑铝复合包装的环境影响较大的原因是其尚未得到很好的回收再生利用,通过发展铝塑分离再生技术和提高纸塑铝复合包装回收率可以降低其环境影响.

Environmental impact estimation of Al-PE-Pa complex package using life cycle assessment

The environmental impact of complex packages made of aluminum, polyethylene and paper board (Al-PE-Pa) and plastic packages were estimated using life cycle assessment (LCA) and compared. The input and output streams of mass and energy, as well as the environmental emission, were obtained from literatures and field investigation. Environmental impact of Al-PE-Pa and plastic package were 5.225Pt and 4.670Pt, respectively. In the entire life cycle of these two selected packages, the environmental impact raising from raw materials supply was highest, accounting for 80% of total environmental impact of their life cycle. The environmental impact of plastic package on fossil resources consumption was two times as that of complex package. However, it could be hard to decrease the environmental pressure from plastic packages because the fossil is a non-renewable resource and confronted with exhausted circumstances. Comparatively, Al-PE-Pa complex package caused more environmental impact because of lower recovery and reuse, which can be improved by developing material recovery or other appropriate recycling technology to improve the cyclic materials flows and recycling ratio.