化学品环境暴露评估模型研究进展

各国政府高度重视化学品生产使用引发的环境问题，研发了一系列环境暴露预测模型，包含了点源暴露到面源暴露各种排放模式，局部暴露、区域暴露及洲际暴露的各种预测尺度，筛选评估到确认水平的不同评估层级，用于评估化学品的潜在风险。本文从模型功能、机理出发，综述了化学品环境暴露评估涉及的排放估计、水/土/气、多介质以及食物链评估模型，以期为推动我国化学品环境暴露模型的研发提供参考。

Review on Environmental Exposure Models to Chemical

The product and use of chemicals has caused a large number of environmental problems. Governments have placed high priority on the management of chemicals and developed a series of environmental exposure prediction models that include different release pathways from point source to non-point source release, various exposure scales from local to reginal and to continental, different tiers from screening to confirm. Models of the emission estimation, water/soil/air and multi-media fate, and food chain exposure assessment models were reviewed. Function and mechanism were also introduced to provide a view for study and development of environmental exposure models in China.