兽药类环境内分泌干扰效应及评价研究进展

兽药在保障动物健康、提高畜禽产品质量尤其在畜牧业集约化发展等方面起着至关重要的作用，然而兽药和饲料添加剂的大量使用成为生态环境污染和人体健康损害的一个重要因素。研究表明许多抗生素类和激素类兽药是典型的环境内分泌干扰物，通过多种方式干扰生物体雄激素、雌激素、甲状腺激素等内分泌过程，产生内分泌干扰效应。本文介绍了典型兽药的污染现状及其内分泌干扰效应研究最新进展；以环境内分泌干扰物的最新研究方法为基础，较全面地评述了可用于兽药类内分泌干扰物的快速筛选、检测及评价方法，并对该领域未来研究提出了展望和建议，以期为环境和农业等管理部门制定兽药的使用、排放、管理政策提供科学依据。

Advances in Endocrine-disrupting Effects and Assessment Method Research of Veterinary Drugs

Veterinary drugs are used to cure and prevent diseases in animals, including animals used for food production. Veterinary drugs play an important role in ensuring the healthy animals, improving the quality of livestock and poultry products, especially in the development of intensive poultry industry. However, the slather using of veterinary drugs and feed additives is becoming one of the important factors in the cause of ecological environment pollution and human health damages. Studies have shown that many kinds of the antibiotics and hormones are typical environmental endocrine disruptors, producing interference effects on many endocrine processes, such as androgen, estrogen, and thyroid hormone processes in animals in a variety of ways. In this review, we introduce the pollution status of typical veterinary drugs and the advances in their endocrine disrupting effects; summarize the different methods for quick screening, detection and evaluation of veterinary drugs as potential endocrine disruptors on the basis of the recent development of studies on the effects and the assessment of typical environmental endocrine disruptors; and finally, provide the future research suggestions in this area. This review will provide a scientific basis for the uses, discharges and management policies of the veterinary drugs for the environmental and agricultural authorities.