福建沿海近10 a赤潮基本特征分析

收集整理了自2001～2010年近10 a的福建沿海161起赤潮事件,通过统计的方法综合分析.结果表明福建沿海赤潮在时间和空间上具有以下特征:①时间分布上,赤潮主要发生在4～9月,高发期为5～6月,大部分赤潮的持续时间为2～4 d,且发生面积在50 km2以下.近年来赤潮初发期的时间提早,且其持续时间较长;②引发赤潮的生物有20种,其中硅藻类10种,甲藻类9种,原生动物类1种.引发赤潮最多的生物为东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense),其次为夜光藻(Noctilucascintillans)、中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)和角毛藻(Chaetoceros sp.).引发赤潮的种类具有演替规律,不断有新的种类引发赤潮;③空间分布上,赤潮主要发生在宁德市沿海、福州市沿海和厦门市沿海海域.福建省平潭以北沿海海域引发赤潮的藻种主要为东海原甲藻和夜光藻,而平潭以南沿海海域引发赤潮的藻种主要为中肋骨条藻和角毛藻;④引发有毒赤潮的藻种主要为米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi),主要发生在福建平潭以北沿海海域.通过对近10 a福建沿海赤潮的全面分析,为福建省赤潮的防灾减灾和赤潮预警工作提供科学合理的依据.

Analysis on Characteristics of Red Tide in Fujian Coastal Waters During the Last 10 Years

There were 161 red tide events collected during the last 10 years from 2001 to 2010 in Fujian coastal waters. Comprehensive analysis was performed using statistical methods and the results indicated the following characteristics of the temporal and spatial distribution of red tide in Fujian coastal waters: 1 Outbreaks of red tide often occurred between April and September, and the peak period was in May and June. Most red tide events lasted for 2 to 4 days, and the affected area was below 50 square kilometers. The first outbreak of red tide tended to occur earlier in recent years, and the lasting time became longer. 2 There were 20 species of organisms causing the red tides in Fujian coastal waters, among which 10 species were Bacillariophyta, 9 species were Dinophyta and 1 species was Protozoa. Prorocentrum donghaiense was the most frequent cause of red tides, followed by Noctiluca scintillans, Skeletonema costatum and Chaetoceros sp.. The species caused red tides obeyed the succession law and there were always new species involved. 3 In terms of spatial distribution, outbreaks of red tides mainly occurred in the coastal waters of Ningde, Fuzhou and Xiamen. The species causing red tides were Prorocentrum donghaiense and Noctiluca in the coastal waters in the north of Pingtan, Fujian Province, Skeletonema costatum and Chaetoceros in the coastal waters in the south of Pingtan, Fujian Province. The comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of red tides during the last 10 years is expected to provide scientific and reasonable basis for the prevention, reduction and forecast of red tides in Fujian coastal waters.