基于WEPS模型的天津郊区土壤风蚀起尘及对中心城区迁移量估算

为了预测地表风蚀起尘,针对我国当前地表风蚀预测模型欠缺,相关开发滞后问题,借鉴美国风蚀预报系统(WEPS),研究典型地区地表风蚀预测模型的结构、参数体系以及各参数体系之间的关系,结合卫星遥感技术和实验数据,建立适合天津市的地表风蚀尘预测模型参数体系,开发适合天津市的地表风蚀尘预测模型系统.将天津市域划分为11080个分辨率为1×1 km²的地块,并从中筛选7778个起尘地块; 本地化各地块参数,包括地块经纬度、高程、方向等; 本地化各地块数据库文件,包括风文件、气象文件、土壤文件及管理文件; 编制weps.run文件.以Microsoft Visualstudio 2008为平台,利用C++语言完成WEPS的二次开发,循环计算7778块起尘地块的起尘量,包括蠕移质+跃移质平均损失量、悬移质平均损失量及PM₁₀平均损失量. 2009年,天津郊区各区县总(蠕移质+跃移质)损失量为2.54×10⁶ t,其中指向中心城区的为5.61×10⁵ t; 总悬移质损失量为1.25×10⁷ t,其中指向中心城区的为2.89×10⁶ t; 总PM₁₀损失量为9.04×10⁵ t,其中指向中心城区的为2.03×10⁵ t.

Estimation of the Effect Derived from Wind Erosion of Soil and Dust Emission in Tianjin Suburbs on the Central District Based on WEPS Model

Due to the lack of a prediction model for current wind erosion in China and the slow development for such models, this study aims to predict the wind erosion of soil and the dust emission and develop a prediction model for wind erosion in Tianjin by investigating the structure, parameter systems and the relationships among the parameter systems of the prediction models for wind erosion in typical areas, using the U.S. wind erosion prediction system (WEPS) as reference. Based on the remote sensing technique and the test data, a parameter system was established for the prediction model of wind erosion and dust emission, and a model was developed that was suitable for the prediction of wind erosion and dust emission in Tianjin. Tianjin was divided into 11080 blocks with a resolution of 1×1 km², among which 7778 dust emitting blocks were selected. The parameters of the blocks were localized, including longitude, latitude, elevation and direction, etc.. The database files of blocks were localized, including wind file, climate file, soil file and management file. The weps.run file was edited. Based on Microsoft Visualstudio 2008, secondary development was done using C++ language, and the dust fluxes of 7778 blocks were estimated, including creep and saltation fluxes, suspension fluxes and PM₁₀ fluxes. Based on the parameters of wind tunnel experiments in Inner Mongolia, the soil measurement data and climate data in suburbs of Tianjin,the wind erosion module, wind erosion fluxes, dust emission release modulus and dust release fluxes were calculated for the four seasons and the whole year in suburbs of Tianjin. In 2009, the total creep and saltation fluxes, suspension fluxes and PM₁₀ fluxes in the suburbs of Tianjin were 2.54×10⁶ t, 1.25×10⁷ t and 9.04×10⁵ t, respectively, among which, the parts pointing to the central district were 5.61×10⁵ t, 2.89×10⁶ t and 2.03×10⁵ t, respectively.