火电厂烟气汞形态转化机理及控制方法

汞是煤中最易挥发的重金属元素之一,燃烧产物中汞的排放为火电厂锅炉汞污染的主流。烟气中的汞主要采用活性炭或者其他吸附剂、飞灰再循环、湿法烟气脱硫装置等手段来去除,但普遍存在吸附剂价格昂贵、经济效应不高,具体脱除效应不明显、仅适用中小型火电厂锅炉等实际问题。为配合脱汞市场,需要在完善测试手段和控制手段的基础上,着重解决多组分污染物联合脱除汞反应的竞争机制和活性/选择性调控规律、吸收剂固体表面物理化学、大容积/大流量反应器内超低浓度污染物的富集/反应机理等关键技术问题。在火电厂烟气零价汞形态转化机理、汞迁移转化动力学模型的研究以及高效价廉吸附剂的开发等方面取得突破,开发具有自主知识产权的新型燃煤电厂烟气中汞排放控制方法。

Form transformation mechanism and control methods for flue gas mercury of power plant

Mercury is one of the most volatile heavy metal elements in coals,the main mercury pollution in station boiler comes from product of combustion.Flue gas mercury is removed by means of active carbon or other sorbents,recirculating ash,wet flue gas desulfurization systems,but the existing problems are mainly as follows：expensive sorbents,bad economic,unnoticeable removal efficiency,limited application object etc.In order to develop mercury remove market,it is necessary to improve and perfect the testing instrument and control method,several key problems such as competition system of multi-component pollutants combination removal reaction and active/selective law of self-regulation,physical chemistry of sorbent solid surfaces,accumulation/reaction mechanism of ultra-low consistency pollutants for large volume/mass flow reactors to be solved.The future methods should endeavor in Hg0 forms transformation mechanism,the kinetic model of mercury transport and transformation and development of efficiency and cheap sorbents,and develop new type control technologies and win proprietary intellectual property rights in flue gas mercury pollution controlling.