环境库兹涅茨曲线理论及研究的批评综论

在综述国内外有关环境库兹涅茨曲线(EKC)研究文献的基础上,对有关EKC研究存在的问题及对该理论的质疑进行了梳理与总结.现有研究也存在诸多缺陷,主要表现在以下方面:一,模型设定中经济与环境单向性假定以及不同国家同质性假定不符实际;二,对存量外部性以及生态阈值的忽视;三、指标选取随意性以及计量方法存在问题.本文的结论是:第一,不存在适合所有地区、所有污染物的单一关系模式.这种"不同的数据、不同的模型会有不同的结果"现象暗示着环境和收入水平间EKC关系的脆弱性;第二,经济增长与环境之间的关系是复杂的,笼统地把经济发展水平与环境污染程度相关联,是一种从外部考察"经济-环境"系统的"黑箱"方法,这种方法短干深刻性,难以揭示环境污染发生的内在根源与机制;第三,当前学界过于注重讨论EKC形状的及拐点,一定程度上使研究走向了歧途,割开经济-环境"黑箱"去探寻EKC曲线背后的作用机制才是更重要、更有实际意义的工作,EKC研究还有许多不可回避的探索方向.

Summary about the Critique of Environmental Kuznets Curve

On the basis of studying the literature about environmental Kuznets curves (EKC), authors summarize the critiques about EKC, and think those researches have flaws as follows:first,the unreasonable assumption of the bilateral relation between economic and environment,and the isomorphic assumption about the different countries,second,the neglecting about the eco-threshold and the stock externality problems,third,the arbitrary choosing of index,and the endogenous bias in econometric method. This article draws such conclusions: 1)there is no the stable relation between economic and environment, which means the EKC is fragile.2)The relation between economic deveiopment and environmental quality is so complicated that only using the sole income index to infer environment quality is "black box" method, which ddeemsmed to be incredible.3) The tendency of sparing all efforts on quarreling about the shapes and speculating the transition points leads the research go astray,and hence should be halted. More inevitable researches are required to be explored in the studies of EKC.