黑河流域及绿洲水资源可持续利用理念及对策

针对黑河流域及绿洲的水资源短缺、时空动态分布差异及其对区域社会经济生态发展演变的影响等问题,进行系统分析和深入探讨,并就其可持续利用的理念、对策与方法等,试图有所创新和发展。研究显示,本区社会经济生态发展与水资源可持续利用的关键,在于理念更新、人口合理调控和水的适度高效利用,并在生态系统维系及环境整治上,理性地面对其长期性、复杂性和艰巨性。

Conception and Countermeasures about Sustainable Utilization of Water Resource in the Oasis of Heihe River Basin

Aiming at some problems about the water resource shortage,with its dyn amic change and distribution under different time and space scales,and its impac t on the social,economic,ecological development and evolvement in the oasis of t he Heihe River Basin,this paper makes a systemic analysis and an in,depth study for gaining innovative development on the conception, countermeasures,and ways o f sustainable utilization of water resources.Reasearch results indicate that the key reasons affecting social,economic,ecological development and sustainable ut ilization of water resources are idea renewal,reasonable population regulation a nd control,appropriate high efficient utilization of water and so on.At the same time,we should also rationally face the long,term,complicated,and arduous cours e in the maintenance of the ecosystem stabilization and environment improvement. Taking the river basin as a whole,the embodiment of the main characteristics in sustainable exploitation and utilization of the water resources,is to possess pr oper proportions and supply of the water resources for keeping social,economic a nd ecological sustainable development in each district.For instance,the availabl e water resource is more abundant within the scope of a certain time and space,a nd its sustainable utilization level should be higher;however,even though some p roblems beyond anticipation may still occur.Besides,due to characteristics of th e higher openness,dynamic condition,fragibility,etc.,of the river basin and the oasis system that determine the unbalanced time,space distribution and the unsta bility of the water resources in different sections of the river basin,greater d ifferences in social,economic,ecological development should be resulted in each district.Therefore,sustainable exploitation and utilization of water resources s hould follow the principle of moderate development between nature and mankind so ciety. First of all,a series of feasible population development programs and the reasonable socio,economic development ways should be worked out.And then full e xert the human's subjective ability in the course of searching for the effectiv e countermeasures and techniques/ways should be brought into full play.Specific measures are to renew and change the traditional development principle and conce pt relating to society,economic and population;reasonably adjust and control wat er resources and practise reasonable water allocation of the district;promote th e application and development of the water saving techniques;and establish and perfect water resources scientific management system with the commercialized mar ket operation system in Heihe River Basin.