中国跨省界流域生态补偿实践进展与思考

建立流域生态补偿机制是协调流域保护和发展的重要途径,自2012年全国首个跨省界流域新安江生态补偿机制试点实施以来,截至目前已有10个跨省界流域建立了生态补偿机制,区域生态环境质量明显改善,但是在机制建立和实践过程中还存在概念泛化、动能不足、效益不明显以及方法指导少等问题,针对上述问题,本文提出优先考虑在水源地上游,探索市场化、多元化的补偿方式,加快形成一套技术方法体系等建议,以期为我国流域生态补偿制度的推进和完善提供参考。

Progress and Consideration on the Practice of Ecological Compensation for Trans-provincial Basins in China

The establishment of basin ecological compensation mechanism is an important way to coordinate basin protection and development. Since the first pilot implementation of Xin''an River ecological compensation mechanism across provinces in China in 2012, up to now, 10 trans-provincial basins have established ecological compensation mechanism, and the quality of regional ecoenvironment has improved significantly. However, there are still problems including conceptual generalization, lack of kinetic energy, insignificant economic and social benefits, and insufficient normative guidance.Based on the analysis of the above problems, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions, such as priority for the upstream of the water source, explore market-oriented and diversified compensation methods and establish a set of normative method system that base on the local experiences, in order to provide reference for promoting and improving watershed eco-compensation policy in China.