钦州湾水体中磺胺类抗生素污染特征与生态风险

利用高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS),研究了钦州湾近海及汇海河流磺胺类抗生素浓度和分布特征.结果表明:4种磺胺类抗生素(SAs)和甲氧苄氨嘧啶(TMP)在钦州湾近海及汇海河流均有不同程度的检出,其浓度范围为n.d.~12ng/L.其中,磺胺甲基异恶唑(SMX)在近海的检出率和平均浓度最高,分别为100%和4.1ng/L;其次为TMP(检出率87%,平均浓度1.0ng/L).与国内外其他水域相比,钦州湾磺胺类抗生素浓度处于较低水平.钦州湾近海抗生素浓度分布呈现以下趋势:茅尾海(8.4ng/L)>钦州外湾(1.9ng/L)>三娘湾(1.4ng/L).磺胺类抗生素在钦州湾的海水养殖区均呈现出较高的浓度水平,说明高密度水产养殖是钦州湾水体中抗生素的重要污染源.生态风险评价结果表明,钦州湾水体中残留的磺胺甲基异恶唑(SMX)对相应的敏感物种存在中等生态毒性风险,需引起相关部门的重视.

Occurrence,distribution and ecological risks of sulfonamides in the Qinzhou Bay,South China

Five antibiotics (including four sulfonamides and trimethoprim) in the Qinzhou Bay, South China, were analyzed using highperformance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Focus was on the levels and distribution of antibiotics pollution in the waters. Sulfamethoxazole, with concentrations up to 12ng/L, was the most frequently detected compound, following by TMP. In general, the contamination level was relatively low when compared with other areas. The average antibiotic concentrations from different sections of the bay decreased in the following order: Maowei Sea (8.4ng/L) > outer Qinzhou Bay (1.9ng/L) > Sanning Bay (1.4ng/L). The concentrations of antibiotics in the aquaculture area were higher those in other areas, indicating that aquaculture activities could contribute to the antibiotic residues in the environment. An ecological risk assessment revealed that sulfamethoxazole may present possible risk to the environment. Therefore, the long-term ecological effects caused by the continuous discharge of antibiotics in the Qinzhou Bay can not be ignored.