Coupling of solvent-based de-emulsification dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with high performance liquid chromatography for simultaneous simple and rapid trace monitoring of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid

A simple, rapid, and efficient sample pretreatment technique, based on solvent-based de-emulsification dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (SD-DLLME), followed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been developed for simultaneous preconcentration and trace detection of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) in water and urine samples. Some parameters such as acidity of solution, the amount of salt, type, and volume of extraction solvents, type of disperser/de-emulsifier solvent, and its volume were investigated and optimized. Under optimum extraction conditions, the limits of detections (LODs) of this method for MCPA and 2,4-D were 0.2 and 0.6 μg L^?1 (based on 3S_b/m) in water and 0.4 and 1.6 μg L^?1 in urine, respectively. Furthermore, dynamic linear range of this method for MCPA and 2,4-D was 1–300 and 2–400 μg L^?1, repectively. Finally, the applicability of the proposed method was evaluated by extraction and determination of the herbicides in urine and different water samples.