A study of the blast wave shape from elongated VCEs |
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| Institution: | 1. Center for Offshore Engineering and Safety Technology, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, 266580, PR China;2. State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 257061, PR China;3. Department of Environment and Safety Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, 266580, PR China;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihta, Bihar, 801103, India;2. Division 2.2, Reactive Substances and Systems, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205, Berlin, Germany;3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400076, India;1. School of Chemical Machinery and Safety Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China;3. Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan;1. Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia;2. School of Management, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia;3. Centro para la Optimización y Probabilidad Aplicada (COPA), Department of Industrial Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia;1. Department of Production and Quality Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO 7491 Trondheim, Norway;2. Batna University, IHSI-LRPI, avenue Chahid Mohamed Boukhlouf, 05000 Batna, Algeria;3. TOTAL Professeurs Associés, 38, rue du Prieuré, 33170 Gradignan, France;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea;2. Hyundai Heavy Industries, 17-10, Mabuk-ro 240 Beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-912, Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | Elongated congestion patterns are common at chemical processing and petroleum refining facilities due to the arrangement of processing units. The accidental vapor cloud explosion (VCE) which occurred at the Buncefield, UK facility involved an elongated congested volume formed by the trees and undergrowth along the site boundary. Although elongated congested volumes are common, there have been few evaluations reported for the blast loads produced by elongated VCEs. Standard VCE blast load prediction techniques do not directly consider the impact of this congested volume geometry versus a more compact geometry.This paper discusses an evaluation performed to characterize the blast loads from elongated VCEs and to identify some significant differences in the resulting blast wave shape versus those predicted by well-known VCE blast load methodologies (e.g., BST and TNO MEM). The standard blast curves are based on an assumption that the portion of the flammable gas cloud participating in the VCE is hemispherical and located at grade level. The results of this evaluation showed that the blast wave shape for an elongated VCE in the near-field along the long-axis direction is similar to that for an acoustic wave generated in hemispherical VCEs with a low flame speed. Like an acoustic wave, an elongated VCE blast wave has a very quick transition from the positive phase peak pressure to the negative phase peak pressure, relative to the positive phase duration. The magnitude of the applied negative pressure on a building face depends strongly on the transition time between the positive and negative phase peak pressures, and this applied negative phase can be important to structural response under certain conditions. The main purpose of this evaluation was to extend previous work in order to investigate how an elongated VCE geometry impacts the resultant blast wave shape in the near-field. The influence of the normalized flame travel distance and the flame speed on the blast wave shape was examined. Deflagration and deflagration-to-detonation transition regimes were also identified for unconfined elongated VCEs as a function of the normalized flame travel distance and flame speed attained at a specified flame travel distance. |
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| Keywords: | Vapor cloud explosion Elongated congestion Blast wave shape Computational fluid dynamics |
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