Understanding the chemical and mineralogical properties of the inorganic portion of MSWI bottom ash |
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| Authors: | A.P. Bayuseno W.W. Schmahl |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute for Mineralogy, Geology and Geophysics, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Germany;2. Department of Geo- and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians University of München, Germany;1. Sustainable Infrastructure Research and Development Center, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;2. Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Liberal Arts, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand;1. Department of the Built Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands;2. ENCI Heidelberg Cement Benelux, The Netherlands;1. Department of the Built Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands;2. State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China;1. Residue and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore;2. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore;1. School of Basic Sciences, Kaziranga University, Koraikhowa, Jorhat 785006, India;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, W de Croylaan 46, 3001 Leuven, Belgium;3. Applied Geology & Mineralogy Research Group, Department of Geology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium;4. Department of Civil Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, W de Croylaan 46, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium |
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| Abstract: | This paper investigates the changes of mineralogical composition of bottom ash in the environment. The chemical and mineralogical bulk composition was determined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) Rietveld method. Single bottom ash particles were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with quantitative energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (SEM/EDX) and electron probe micro analysis (EPMA). SEM/EDX and EPMA are valuable complement to bulk analysis and provide means for rapid and sensitive multi-elemental analysis of ash particles. The fresh bottom ash consists of amorphous (>30 wt.%) and major crystalline phases (>1 wt.%) such as silicates, oxides and carbonates. The mineral assemblage of the fresh bottom ash is clearly unstable and an aging process occurs by reaction towards an equilibrium mineral phase composition in the environmental conditions. The significant decrease of anhydrite and amorphous contents was observed in the aged bottom ash, leading to the formation of ettringite, hydrocalumite and rosenhahnite under atmospheric conditions. In the water-treated sample, the calcite contents increased significantly, but ettringite was altered by the dissolution and precipitation processes in part, to produce gypsum, while the remaining part reacted with chloride to form hydrocalumite. Gypsum and other Ca based minerals may take up substantial amounts of heavy metals and subsequently control leaching behaviour of bottom ash. |
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