Agronomic characterisation of different types of sewage sludge: Policy implications |
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| Authors: | MR Mosquera-Losada N Muñoz-Ferreiro A Rigueiro-Rodríguez |
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| Institution: | 1. Crop Production Department, High Polytechnic School, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain;2. Statistic and Operative Research Department, Science Faculty, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain;1. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States;1. Institute for Agricultural and Earth Moving Machines (IMAMOTER), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Strada delle Cacce, 73, 10135 Torino, TO, Italy;2. Department of Agriculture, Forestry, Environmental and Land Based Economics (DEIAFA), Div. Agro-Forestry and Enviromental Engineering, Turin University, Largo Paolo Braccini, 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy;1. Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore;2. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore;1. Adnan Menderes University, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Aydin, Turkey;2. Opole University of Technology, Department of Process Engineering, Opole, Poland;1. Department of Crop Production and Engineering Projects, High Polytechnic School, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain;2. Agroamb Prodalt S.L., Calzada das Gándaras, 11 Loc. Bajo Dcha, 27003, Lugo, Spain;3. Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda s/n, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal;4. Departamento de Estatística e Investigación Operativa, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Lugo, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Spain is one of the main municipal sewage sludge producers of Europe. This paper aims to agronomically characterise different types of sewage sludge stabilised by different methods (anaerobically digested, composted, and pelletised) and deliver policy recommendations from the results of this characterisation. Anaerobic sewage sludge quality is found to be better in plants with a lower volume of water processing. Composted sludge shows the best quality from a heavy metal point of view, but its low available nitrogen content increases the input of heavy metals when spread, as compared to digested or pelletised sludge. Pelletised sludge has higher heavy metal content than anaerobically digested sludge. Despite the good quality of the sludges, future regulations, especially with regard to Cd levels, will limit the use of this waste in agriculture. |
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