Functional changes in culturable microbial communities during a co-composting process: Carbon source utilization and co-metabolism |
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| Authors: | Remy Albrecht Claude Périssol Florence Ruaudel Jean Le Petit Gérard Terrom |
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| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China;2. Innovation Base of Groundwater & Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China;3. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Beijing 100012, China;4. College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;1. Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3. Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China;1. Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China;2. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Donghua Road 9#, Fengyang, 233100, PR China;3. College of Integrative Sciences and Arts, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ, USA;4. Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA;1. Eco-environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, PR China;2. Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Low-carbon Agriculture (SERCLA), Shanghai 201415, PR China;3. Shanghai Co-Elite Agricultural Sci-Tech (Group) Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201106, PR China;1. Department of Systems Engineering, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Heweliusza 14, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland;4. Institute of Biosystems Engineering, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 50, 60-637 Poznan, Poland;5. Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Szyd?owska 50, 60-656 Poznan, Poland |
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| Abstract: | Microbial communities in sewage sludge and green waste co-composting were investigated using culture-dependent methods and community level physiological profiles (CLPP) with Biolog Microplate. Different microbial groups characterized each stage of composting. Bacterial densities were high from beginning to end of composting, whereas actinomycete densities increased only after bio-oxidation phase i.e. after 40 days. Fungal populations become particularly high during the last stage of decomposition. Cluster analyses of metabolic profiles revealed a similar separation between two groups of composts at 67 days for bacteria and fungi. Principal component analysis (PCA) applied to bacterial and fungal CLPP data showed a chronological distribution of composts with two phases. The first one (before 67 days), where the composts were characterized by the rapid decomposition of non-humic biodegradable organic matter, was significantly correlated to the decrease of C, C/N, organic matter (OM), fulvic acid (FA), respiration, cellulase, protease, phenoloxidase, alkaline and acid phosphatases activities. The second phase corresponding to the formation of polycondensed humic-like substances was significantly correlated to humic acid (HA) content, pH and HA/FA. The influent substrates selected on both factorial maps showed that microbial communities could adapt their metabolic capacities to the particular environment. The first phase seems to be focused on easily degradable substrate utilization whereas the maturation phase appears as multiple metabolisms, which induce the release of metabolites and their polymerization leading to humification processes. |
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