Sustainability assessment of a giant bamboo plantation in Brazil: exploring the influence of labour,time and space |
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| Authors: | Silvia H Bonilla Rodrigo L Guarnetti Cecilia MVB Almeida Biagio F Giannetti |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China;2. Department of Science and Technology, “Parthenope” University of Napoli, Napoli, Italy;3. School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China;1. São Paulo Agency of Agribusiness Technology – Government of the State of São Paulo, Postal Box 61, 15500-970 Votuporanga, São Paulo, Brazil;2. Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Mid-North, BR 343, km 35, Zona Rural, Parnaíba-PI, 64.200-970 Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil;3. Sao Paulo State University, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, Parque Bitaru, 11330-900 São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil;4. São Paulo Agency of Agribusiness Technology – Government of the State of São Paulo, Postal Box 60, 13460-000 Nova Odessa, São Paulo, Brazil;1. Embrapa Acre, BR 364, km 14, Rio Branco, Acre CEP 69.901-180, Brazil;2. Universidade Federal do Acre, Av. Campos Universitario, BR 364, km 4 – distrito industrial, Cx.p. 500, Rio Branco, Acre CEP 69.920-900, Brazil;1. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an 311300, China;2. Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E3;3. Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China;4. Department of Environment Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China |
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| Abstract: | Bamboo presents physical and mechanical characteristics, which turn it an alternative option for product development, replacing native or reforested wood. The sustainability assessment of a Dendrocalamus Giganteus species plantation in Brazil through the emergy methodology evidences a great weight of renewable (30% sej/sej) and human labour contributions (33% sej/sej). These contributions account for the great interface with environment and to the intensive work, respectively. The transformity value of bamboo production is 2.42E + 04 sej/J. The influence human labour has on the total emergy flow and on indicators is evaluated by taking into account different country locations (Brazil, Australia and China). Thus, a different transformity value for labour is assumed for each country. A ranking based on emergy sustainability index (ESI) values shows that bamboo production in China was the first placed, followed by Brazil and Australia (values of 1.18, 0.50 and 0.09, respectively). The insertion of indirect renewability embedded in labour results in the ranking modification, leading to plantation in Brazil in the first place, followed by the Australian and Chinese ones. The relative position of the bamboo systems is visualized in the ternary diagram expressed in terms of emergy. In an attempt to explore the relationship between sustainability and time, a graphic of ESI vs. global productivity is discussed in terms of a prospective evaluation. Indirect support areas of the bamboo production are calculated as a way to evaluate the sustainability-space relationship. |
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