Quantification of PCDD/F concentrations in animal manure and comparison of the effects of the application of cattle manure and sewage sludge to agricultural land on human exposure to PCDD/Fs |
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Authors: | Stevens Joanna L Jones Kevin C |
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Institution: | Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK. |
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Abstract: | PCDD/Fs were quantified in samples of cattle, pig, sheep and chicken manure. TEQs ranged from 0.19 ng TEQ/kg dw for the pig manure to 20 ng TEQ/kg dw for one cattle manure sample. Exposure assessments were carried out to compare the effect of various sewage sludge and cattle manure land application scenarios on human PCDD/F exposure. Background exposure was estimated at 4.9 pg TEQ/kg bw/day and it was found that land application of sewage sludge and cattle manure at contemporary rates did not increase PCDD/F TEQ background exposure. It was concluded that the application of sewage sludge, under the new UK guidelines, and cattle manure to agricultural land, do not make a significant contribution to human exposure to PCDD/Fs. |
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