北京地区大气细颗粒物的个体暴露水平

于2012年12月至2013年4月采用LD6S型微电脑激光粉尘仪在北京地区采取单人逐日跟踪的方式记录了多名个体对大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)的暴露水平,同时收集研究对象的时间-活动日志,计算日平均暴露水平,再进行多人多日合并处理.并于研究时段内同步记录北京市环境保护监测中心发布的空气质量监测数据.结果表明,研究期间北京地区冬季与春季PM2.5的平均浓度分别为127,69μg/m3.个体日均暴露水平中值为54μg/m3,与大气质量浓度的平均比值为0.60.个体室内暴露分量均值达到总暴露量的80%,室外与交通各占约10%.不同人群及季节的暴露水平之间未表现出显著差异.当大气环境质量浓度高于国家空气质量二级标准浓度限值时,室内住宅、办公室和餐厅,室外公交车、街道微环境中的PM2.5质量浓度与大气环境质量浓度存在显著的相关关系.

Personal exposure levels to atmospheric fine particulate matters in Beijing,China

From December, 2012to April, 2013, measurements of personal exposure levels to atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Beijing were conducted using laser dust monitor (Model LD6S) with the method of daily tracking for single participant, and the different participants’ time-activity journals were also collected to calculate the daily averaged exposure levels and merge application. During the monitoring period, the ambient PM2.5 concentrations issued by the Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Centre were recorded synchronously. The local mean concentrations of PM2.5 in winter and in spring were 127mg/m3and 69 mg/m3, respectively, and the former was much higher than the latter. The median value of personal daily exposure level was 54μg/m3and the averaged ratio to the ambient PM2.5 concentration was 0.60. The averaged indoor exposure fraction reached 80% of the total exposure, and the outdoor exposure and the traffic exposure separately accounted for about 10%. There was no significant difference between the exposure levels of different populations and different seasons. As the ambient PM2.5 concentration exceeded 75μg/m3, a significant correlation existed between the ambient PM2.5 concentration and the PM2.5 concentrations in different microenvironments, including residential house, office, restaurant, bus and street.