Key issues in the conservation of the Australian coastal archaeological record: natural and human impacts |
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Authors: | Michael John Rowland Sean Ulm |
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Institution: | (1) Cultural Heritage Coordination Unit, Department of Environment and Resource Management, GPO Box 2454, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia;(2) Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies Unit, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia |
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Abstract: | Australia has an extensive coastline extending over 60,000 km through diverse tropical and temperate environments. Indigenous
archaeological sites are found along this coastline from the time of earliest settlement at least 50,000 years ago. However,
Pleistocene sites are rare owing largely to the destructive impacts of sea-level change associated with the end of the last
ice age around 10,000 years ago. After this sites are more numerous but there is variability around the coastline due to the
impact of a range of both natural and human factors. Here we focus on six key issues impacting on the development and conservation
of coastal archaeological deposits: sea-levels, climate change, cyclones, storms, tsunamis and contemporary human impacts.
A number of examples of these impacts are discussed from across Australia. Managing and monitoring of sites has been limited
in Australia and geoindicators are discussed as a means of developing a long-term measurement of continuing impacts. |
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