螺旋霉素废水处理过程中菌群结构、水质特征及抗性基因之间关系分析

抗生素制药废水常含有大量抗生素抗性基因（antibiotic resistance genes，ARG），传播抗性污染的风险高于城市污水，但目前人们对抗生素制药废水处理过程中ARG转归影响机制研究尚有不足.本研究采用高通量测序考察某螺旋霉素制药废水厂A²O工艺过程中菌群结构变化，并通过多种统计学分析方法考察菌群结构、水质特征及ARG之间的相互关系.结果表明，生物处理单元中污泥的菌群结构受进水水质影响较小，其中厌氧和缺氧池中均以产甲烷菌与硫酸盐还原菌为优势菌，好氧池和二沉池中优势菌群的功能较为复杂；A²O系统对常规污染物去除效果较好，但不能稳定削减潜在致病菌丰度.水质特征、菌群结构和ARG之间存在显著相互影响关系，其中废水处理过程中生物量、NH₄⁺-N和化学需氧量（chemical oxygen demand，COD）与ARG和可移动遗传元件（mobile genetic elements，MGE）的分布密切相关.在水相和泥相中对ARG和MGE产生显著影响的菌属不同，而且泥相中有更多的潜在致病菌与ARG显著相关性，即污泥中微生物同时获得耐药性和致病性的可能性比水相中高.本研究可为今后抗生素制药废水处理过程的抗性污染控制提供科学参考.

Mutual Influence Between Microbial Community, Wastewater Characteristics, and Antibiotic Resistance Genes During Spiramycin Production Wastewater Treatment

Wastewater from antibiotic production usually contains a huge amount of antibiotic resistance genes (ARG). Therefore, it is essential to study the dissemination and control of antibiotic resistance during the treatment of antibiotic production wastewater. The mutual influence between microbial community evolution, wastewater characteristics, and ARG was investigated using high-throughput sequencing and a variety of statistical analysis methods. Results showed that the influent characteristics had only a marginal influence on the microbial community of each treatment section. Methanogenic bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria were the dominant microbes in the anaerobic and anoxic tank. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), NO₂^--N, and PO₄^3--P exhibited an intimate relationship with the microbial community, whereas biomass, NH₄⁺-N, and COD showed a strong correlation with ARG and mobile genetic elements (MGE). In the sludge, more genera (including pathogenic bacteria) were significantly correlated with ARG and MGE than that in the wastewater, indicating that bacteria in the sludge had a greater chance of acquiring pathogenicity and resistance. Therefore, more attnetion should be given to waste sludge from the treatment plants of antibiotic production wastewater. This research could provide further understanding of antibiotic resistance dissemination and control during wastewater treatment, especially for antibiotic production wastewater.