Biodiesel production from waste oil feedstocks by solid acid catalysis

Biodiesel is a non-toxic and biodegradable substitute for petroleum-based diesel. However, it is impractical to use refined edible oils to produce biodiesel due to its high cost and priority for food products, especially in China, while waste oils with high free fatty acids (FFAs) can be considered as the raw materials. In the present work, a solid acid catalyst comprising SO₄²⁻/TiO₂–SiO₂ was prepared, characterized and studied for its activity for the production of biodiesel from several low cost feedstocks with high FFAs. The solid acid catalyst can be recycled, easily removed and can simultaneously catalyze esterification and transesterification. The influence of reaction parameters was studied, and the optimized reaction parameters are reaction temperature 200 °C, molar ratio of methanol to oil 9:1 and catalyst concentration 3 wt.%. The catalyst showed good stability. A continuous process for biodiesel production from cheap raw feedstocks was proposed, and a 10,000-tonnes/year biodiesel production demonstration plant has been built.