杏子河沉积物中石油污染物释放实验研究

以延安市安塞县境内杏子河中游主河道水体沉积物为研究对象,研究石油类污染物对上覆水体的二次污染规律。研究表明,在实验条件下,沉积物中石油污染物达到释放平衡的时间为16~18 d,上覆水体二次污染的质量浓度分别达到2.8 mg/L和3.5 mg/L;通过释放前后沉积物的石油含量对比发现,沉积物表层10 cm厚度对水体的污染贡献最大,是造成水体二次污染的主要源头。根据沉积物组分分析,杏子河沉积物中共检测出11种烷烃,7种多环芳烃。通过释放前后峰面积比较发现,碳原子数在12和17之间的烷烃容易进入水体,成为杏子河石油污染物的主要组成部分。另外,杏子河多环芳烃污染的主要组份是苊、芴、异丙基萘、菲、蒽、苯并a]芘。

Study on the Release Experiment of Oil Pollutants From Sediments of Xinzi River

The sediments collected from Xinzi River at Ansai County in Yan’an city is study for the regularity of oil pollutants secondary pollution.The result shows the equilibrium time that oil pollutants released from the sediments to water is 16-18 days and the oil secondary pollution intensity of overlying water can reach 2.8 mg/L and 3.5 mg/L respectively.The comparisons of oil contents in sediments before and after the release find that the 10cm deposit thickness from surface sediment largely contributes to secondary pollution and it is the main pollution source;the results of petroleum components analysis in sediments show that there are 11 kinds of alkanes and 7 kinds of PAHs in the sediments of Xinzi River.The alkanes whose carbon number is between 12 and 7 is easily entered into the water body and has been the main component of petroleum pollutants in water body.At the same time,components of PAHs pollutants include acenaphthene, fluorine,isopropylnaphthalene,phenanthrene,anthracene and benzo(a)pyrene.