黄土塬区小流域深层土壤有机碳变化的影响因素

以黄土高原沟壑区王东沟小流域为对象,研究了地形(塬面、塬坡和沟道)、土地利用(自然草地、人工草地、人工林地、农地和果园)对0～200cm土层内土壤有机碳(soil organic carbon,SOC)垂直分布特征的影响,以揭示黄土高原小流域深层SOC储量及其影响因素.结果表明,SOC含量除表层(0～20cm)沟道(10.0g·kg-1)大于塬面(7.8g·kg-1)和塬坡(8.2g·kg-1)外,塬面底层SOC均显著高于塬坡和沟道;塬坡和沟道SOC含量随深度增加而降低,而塬面上呈现SOC随深度增加降低-升高-降低的变化趋势.塬面上,SOC含量呈现人工草地(5.4g·kg-1)农田(5.2g·kg-1)和果园(5.1g·kg-1)的趋势,影响深度为表层40cm;塬坡上,呈现自然草地(4.3g·kg-1)人工林地(3.8g·kg-1)人工草地(3.3g·kg-1)和果园(3.3g·kg-1)的趋势,影响深度达到100cm;而沟道内,林草地利用方式对整个垂直剖面分布的差异无显著影响.20～100cm土层SOC储量占0～100cm储量的67.6%;100～200cm土层SOC储量占0～200cm储量的37.3%,相当于0～100cm的63.8%.研究结果表明地形、土地利用显著(p0.05)影响SOC垂直分布特征;黄土高原沟壑区深层SOC储量巨大,不容忽视.

Influencing Factors of Soil Organic Carbon in Deeper Soil Layers at a Small Watershed on Tableland Region of the Loess Plateau, China

Analyzing and estimating soil organic carbon(SOC)storage and changes in deep layers under different land uses and landforms may play a pivotal role in comprehending the balance and cycle mechanisms of C cycling, and comprehending the capacity of C sequestration in the terrestrial ecosystem. The study mainly emphasized on effects of landforms and land uses on vertical distribution characteristic of SOC sampled to a depth of 200 cm at the Wangdonggou watershed on the tableland region of Loess Plateau, China. For the top soil of 0-20 cm, the order of SOC contents was gully(10.0 g·kg^-1)> tableland(7.8 g·kg^-1)and slopeland(8.2 g·kg^-1). For the subsoil, SOC in tableland was higher than that in gully and slopeland. For slopeland and gully, SOC decreased with increasing depth, while for tableland, SOC decreased initially, then increased, lastly decreased. Meanwhile, for tableland, the order of SOC appeared approximately manmade grassland > cropland > orchard with the effecting depth of land uses for 40 cm, and for slopeland the order was native grassland(4.3 g·kg^-1)> manmade woodland(3.8 g·kg^-1)> manmade grassland(3.3 g·kg^-1)> orchard(3.3 g·kg^-1)with the depth for 100 cm, while for gully, there was no significantly difference(p >0.05)among different land uses. SOC storage in the profile of 20-200 cm accounted for 67.6% sampled to a depth of 100 cm, while for 100-200cm, SOC storage accounted 37.3% in 0-200 cm equaled to 63.8% of the SOC storage in 0-100 cm. The results revealed that landforms and land uses highly significantly(p < 0.05)affected the vertical distribution of SOC at a small watershed scale and considerable amounts of C were stored at deeper depths.