Arsenic accumulation in the shore crab Carcinus maenas: the influence of nutritional state,sex and exposure concentration

The accumulation of arsenate from seawater by the shore crab Carcinus maenas L. (collected from Odense Fjord, Denmark in 1991 and from Restronguet Creek, UK in 1991) was investigated in a series of laboratory experiments. A field study was also carried out to determine the effects of raised environmental arsenic concentrations on intra-organismal distribution and tissue concentrations. Studies on the influence of nutritional state and sex on accumulation of As(5) from seawater indicated that most of the arsenic taken up from seawater in laboratory experiments was retained in the gills and the midgut gland. Arsenic accumulation exhibited sex-dependent differences which were also evident in correlation analyses carried out between total lipid contents and total arsenic contents of midgut glands of individual crabs. Arsenic concentrations in the gonads of both sexes were strongly influenced by the nutritional state of the crabs. Elevated arsenic concentrations in seawater and food at an arsenic polluted site (Restronguet Creek) significantly influenced arsenic concentrations and distribution among the tissues of C. maenas. Arsenic concentrations and distribution patterns differed markedly from those crabs from an unpolluted site in Odense Fjord. The gills of the crabs from Restronguet Creek contained extremely high arsenic concentrations ranging from 179 to 483 g As g^-1 dry wt. These values were even higher than those measured in the gills of Odense crabs that had been exposed to 3 mgl^-1 As(5) for 2 wk in the laboratory. Arsenic concentrations in the exoskeleton of Odense Fjord crabs were 15 times lower than those measured in exoskeletons of Restronguet Creek crabs. Approximately 69% of the total body burden of arsenic was located in muscle tissue of crabs from Odense Fjord, whereas the major pool of arsenic (46%) in Restronguet Creek crabs was located in the exoskeleton.