铁路运输安全的产权分析

由于我国铁路运输安全的复杂性 ,运输安全在改革过程中极有可能沦为“公地悲剧” ,对安全进行产权分析确有必要。分析了一些国家保证铁路运输安全的产权制度安排 ,如英国的“网运分离”后的私有产权路网公司完全负责制、美国的垂直一体化私有产权铁路公司负责和政府安全监管体制、瑞典的非赢利性组织管理和政府安全监管体制以及我国的垂直一体化国有垄断企业 (政府部门 )负责制。笔者认为我国铁路在改革过程中 ,不能忽视运输安全的产权问题 ,应建立适当的运输安全管制体系 ,政府更应该在确保铁路运输安全方面发挥重要作用。

Analysis on the Property Rights of the Railway Transportation Safety

Because of the complexity of China's railway transportation safety, in the process of reform the railway safety would be likely fallen into the "public tragedy", so it's especially necessary to analyze the safety from the view of property rights. The property rights of institutional assigns to guarantee the railway safety in UK, U.S.A., Sweden as well as China were analyzed. It was considered that the reform scheme should not ignore the property rights in transportation safety. It's of great importance to set up appropriate regulation system of the railway transportation safety, and the government should still play the key role in railway transportation safety.