山水林田湖草思想的理论内涵及生态保护修复实践——以广西左右江流域工程试点为例

对习近平总书记“山水林田湖草是一个生命共同体”思想的理论内涵进行了解读,并以广西壮族自治区左右江流域山水林田湖草生态保护修复工程试点为例,进行山水林田湖草生态保护修复实践探索。对左右江流域的区位特征及生态环境问题进行了分析,表明该流域为典型的喀斯特岩溶地貌区,目前石漠化与水土流失问题突出,许多矿山生态破坏和环境污染历史遗留问题亟待解决,生物多样性保护现状堪忧。以流域清水产流机制为理论依据,明确了其山水林田湖草生态保护修复的总体思路与绩效目标,将流域分为山地水源涵养与生物多样性保护区、丘陵水土流失与石漠化治理区、平原污染源控制与环境综合整治区、湿地和水体生态保护与修复区4个功能区,分别提出不同功能区的修复方案;工程试点方案实施1年多,取得了较好的效果,实现了经济效益、社会效益、生态效益良好结合,可为类似项目的实施提供借鉴。

The theoretical connotation of mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grassland thoughts and the practice of ecological protection and restoration: taking Guangxi Zuojiang-Youjiang River Basin pilot project as an example

In order to understand and practice the ideology of mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grassland (MRFFLG) life community, the general idea of this theory was interpreted and the practice of ecological protection and restoration was explored, taking the pilot project of Zuojiang-Youjiang River Basin in Guangxi as an example. The regional characteristics and eco-environment of the Zuojiang-Youjiang River Basin was analyzed. The basin is a typical karst geomorphology area and at present, its rocky desertification and soil erosion were prominent problems. Many problems had been left over from the history of ecological damage and environmental pollution in mines needed to be solved urgently, and the current situation of biodiversity protection was still under worrying condition. Based on the theory basis of the mechanism of clean water runoff generation in the watershed, the overall idea and performance target of ecological protection and restoration of MRFFLG were clarified. The watershed was divided into four functional areas: mountain water conservation and biodiversity conservation area, hilly soil erosion and stony desertification control area, plain pollution source control and comprehensive environmental improvement area, and wetland and water body ecological protection and restoration area. The restoration schemes of different functional areas were proposed respectively. The pilot programme has been implemented for more than one year and achieved good results, achieving a good combination of economic, social and ecological benefits, which could provide reference for the implementation of similar projects.