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Vertical distribution of organochlorine pesticides in humus along Alpine altitudinal profiles in relation to ambiental parameters
Authors:M. Kirchner,T. Faus-Kessler,W. Levy,S. Bernhö  ft,A. Zsolnay,C. Belis,W. Moche,M. Uhl,K.-W. Schramm
Affiliation:a Helmholtz Zentrum München, GmbH, Institutes of Ecological Chemistry, Developmental Genetics and Soil Ecology, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
b Regional Agency for Environmental Prevention and Protection of Veneto, Italy
c Regional Agency for Environmental Protection of Lombardy, Italy
d Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Switzerland
e Federal Environment Agency Ltd., Austria
f Slovenian Forestry Institute, Slovenia
Abstract:In forest soils along vertical profiles located in different parts of the Alps, concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), namely organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) like dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCH), heptachlor, aldrin, dieldrin and mirex, were measured. Though local characteristics of the sites are influenced by numerous factors like orographic and meteorological parameters, forest stand characteristics and humus parameters, we ascertained a marked vertical increase of concentrations of some organochlorine compounds in the soil. On the basis of climatological values of each site, we found that the contamination increase with altitude can be ascribed to a certain ‘cold condensation effect’. In addition, the perennial atmospheric deposition of POPs is controlled by precipitation. Other key parameters explaining the accumulation of POPs are the soil organic carbon stocks, the turnover times, the re-volatilisation and degradation processes, which vary with altitude.
Keywords:HCH   HCB   DDT   Forest soil   Vertical gradient   Soil organic carbon   Temperature   Precipitation
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