第一次经济革命的人类行为与环境生态反应

工业革命以来现代人类行为所产生的影响，远远超过了环境的承受能力。回归自然，构建和谐社会成为时代的主题之一。作者从人类进化与发展的视角，重新审视和研究了第一次经济革命最具革命性的内涵：通过对第一次经济革命所引起的社会显著变化的研究，即通过对种植和豢养的出现和普及的研究，揭示了经济革命的本质。研究表明，第一次经济革命的本质是人类行为革命。因为人类行为是这场革命发生的具体承担者和直接执行者。只有人类行为的革命性创造，即人类从采集和狩猎的劳动转而从事种植和豢养的劳动，才有“种植和豢养”劳动方式的出现。纵观生物圈所有动物进化和发展的历史，人类主体行为的这一变化是独一无二的，它不是动物的本能，而是人类的伟大创造。从此，人类开始生产自己的生活资料，并把自己和动物区别开来，同时也向“种群调节”的自然法则说“不”。研究还表明，从采集和狩猎到种植和豢养的生存方式的改变，所引起的自然环境的生态变化是可逆的。在第一次经济革命发生的过程中以及革命发生后，人类与自然处于和谐的状态中。第一次经济革命的本质及环境生态反应的研究，对现代经济活动具有很好的启示作用：面对自然法则，我们并不是无能为力，我们可以能动地遵守。正如第一次经济革命那样，人类不但能动地遵守了自然规律，而且在与自然和谐相处的前提下完成人类主体行为的革命；关于科学技术的发展和运用，我们应该站在自然与人类和谐共处的立场，客观地审视科学技术的理性有限性，将科学技术的理性有限性与环境的生态要求嵌入科技创造与运用的战略和结构中去。

The Human Hehavior and Hnvironment Hcological Hesponse in the First Hconomic Hevolution

Since the Industrial Revolution, modern human activity influence has far exceeded the carrying capacity of the environment. Returning to nature, constructing harmonious relationship between nature and human beings has become one of the themes of the times. Through the perspective of human evolution and development, the author reviewed the most revolutionary connotations of the first economic revolution （the agricultural revolution）：By the study on the remarkable changes caused by the first economic revolution in society, that is, by the study on the appearance and popularity of the planting and feeding, the essence of the first economic revolution is revealed. The study shows that the essence of the first economic revolution is the revolution of human behavior. As human behavior is the specific commitment and direct implementer when the revolution underwent, only after the revolutionary creation of human behavior, the human’s labor mode changing from gathering and hunting to planting and feeding, will the new labor mode—planting and feeding be established. Throughout the evolution and development history of all animals living in biosphere, this change of the human subject behavior is unique;it is not animal instinct, but a great creation of human being. Since then, humans began producing their own subsistence, and distinguished themselves from animals. Meanwhile, humans had the chutzpah to say “no” to the law of nature——“population regulation”. This study also shows that the change of ecosystem is reversible when caused by the change of human’s mode of existence, such as from gathering and hunting to planting and feeding. When the first economic revolution occurred and was completed, the human beings and the nature were harmonious with each other. The study on the essence of the first economic revolution and on the environment ecological response has great significance on the modern economic activities （on the change of human behavior）：We are not powerless when we are in the face of