赣江源头流域植被变化的水文响应模拟研究

应用2个分布式水文模型（SWAT和Topmodel模型），对赣江流域的源头——梅江流域20年内的植被变化所造成的生态水文响应做出了模拟研究。根据2个模型不同的特点，设计了不同的模拟方案，使用SWAT模型模拟径流量的变化，Topmodel模型模拟汇流过程的变化。模拟得到的结果是：排除研究时间段内流域气候变化的影响，仅变换流域下垫面的属性，植被的变化对流域水文特征产生了明显影响，在整个梅江流域的范围内，2000年的年径流总量比1987年增加了146%；在其子流域——琴江流域，1995~2000年的7次洪峰峰值径流出现时间比1987年延迟，峰值径流量减少约5%。这说明从上世纪80年代开始在该流域内进行的植树造林和国土整治工作,即江西省“山江湖工程”，对流域的生态健康具有良好的回馈效应。

SIMULATION OF HYDROLOGICAL EFFECTS OF VEGETATION EVOLUTION IN HEADSTREAM OF GANJIANG

Using physically based and parameter distributed hydrological models,SWAT and Topmodel,hydrological effects caused by vegetation evolution within nearly 20 yeas in the headstream of Ganjiang was simulated.Based on the different characteristic of the models,different simulation steps were conceived.Changing of runoff in different years was simulated by SWAT,and changing of flux process in different years was simulated by Topmodel.The results shows:exclude the influence of climate change between the various scenes,only using different land use/cover and vegetation elements in the two models.Vegetation evolution in the Meijiang basin made the changing of hydrological effects apparently.In the whole basin,annual runoff was increased by 146% from 1987 to 2000.In its sub basin Qingjiang,the conflux speed was decreased,and peak discharge was decreased approximately by 5% in 7 inundations from 1995 to the year of 2000.The eco hydrological effects of vegetation change in Meijiang basin given strong evidence that the work of afforestation and land consolidation,also called as “Mountain Rivers and Lake Project” in Jiangxi Province,have good feedback effects to the ecological healthy of the basin.