海岛旅游开发生态影响及保护对策研究

海岛是相对独立的地理单元,生态系统较为脆弱,旅游开发将对海岛带来环境影响.为保护和利用海岛的旅游资源和自然环境,以蜈支洲岛旅游开发为例,采用矩阵法识别海岛开发生态影响因子,建立了水土流失、土壤、沙滩、植被、保护动植物、珊瑚、珊瑚生态、景观等评价指标体系,采用模型预测和类比分析等方法预测、分析和评价旅游开发活动的生态影响,并提出减缓对策,从而避免旅游开发造成岛屿的生态破坏,维护岛屿生态系统的完整性.

Ecological Impact of Island Tourism Development and Countermeasures

Island is a relatively independent geographical unit, its ecological system is fragile, tourism development of island will impact to the environment.For the purpose of effective protection and reasonable development of island`s natural environment and tourism resource, this paper used the case of the tourism development of Wuzhizhou Island and used matrix method to identify the ecological impact factor of island development, and set up an ecological impact evaluation index system.This index system includes index of loss of soil and water, soil, vegetation, natural landscape, wild animal, rare or endangered species, coral, coral reef ecosystem, beach, etc.For different ecological impact factors, this paper adopted methods such as modeling forecast and analogy analysis to forecast, analyze and evaluate the ecological impact of tourism development, and gave countermeasures to reduce the impact according to the extent, properties and range of ecological impact.Though the empirical research, the ecological impact of island tourism development is confirmed, it provides reference for other islands on tourism environmental protection, and avoid ecological destruction caused by island tourism development, and maintain integrity of island ecological system.