Major and trace elements in precipitation on Western Switzerland

Rain and snow samples from different sites, varying in altitude, in western Switzerland were taken from January 1990 to November 1991. The samples were collected with ultraclean material and analysed for the major elements Na, Cl, NO₃, SO₄, K, Si, Ca, Mg and the trace elements B, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, Rb, Sr, and Ba content. A comparison with published data shows that the measured concentration and fluxes are typical for slightly contaminated rural European regions. Analysis of variance suggests that the region is fairly homogeneous for atmospheric deposition although the sites differ in altitude and human influence. Enrichment factors indicate that most of the elements are originating from seawater or continental crust and that the elements released by human activities are submitted to long-range transport. Temporal evolution in concentrations and differences between rain and snow composition could originate from the general atmospheric circulation.