膜界面探测器在有机污染场地调查中的应用研究进展

膜界面探测器(membrane interface probe，MIP)是一种有机污染物的高分辨检测器，已广泛用于污染场地土壤和地下水中挥发性有机污染物污染特征与空间分布的实时原位调查检测. 当前，我国在污染场地土壤的高精度快速筛查技术和装备方面存在较大的需求，但在该领域的自主研发与应用还处于起步阶段. 本文在系统梳理MIP在国内外有机污染场地应用案例的基础上，从文献计量学的角度分析了该领域的研究现状与未来发展态势. 结果表明:自1996年首次有文献报道MIP的应用以来，该领域的发文数量呈逐年增加趋势. 当前，国际上对MIP的研究和应用较多的国家主要为美国和中国. 从已有应用案例来看，MIP主要应用于污染场地中苯系物、卤代烃、石油烃等多种污染物的原位实时检测. MIP的发展主要经历了3个阶段，分别为挥发性有机污染物传感器的研发、场地土壤及含水层污染物的测定，以及探头的联合应用. 其中，MIP与其他多功能探头的有机耦合技术及装备的研发将成为该领域未来研发的重要方向. 基于MIP在场地有机污染物检测中的局限性，并结合我国场地土壤调查的现实需求与关键科学问题，分别从阐明污染物界面传质与扩散机制、设计高性能半透膜材料、研发高精度钻测一体化装备，以及建立相关标准与技术指南等四方面，对我国污染场地土层钻进探测一体化技术与装备的研发需求与发展方向提出了展望. 

Research Progresses on the Application of Membrane Interface Probe in the Investigation of Organic Contaminated Sites

Membrane interface probe (MIP) is a high-resolution detector of organic pollutants. They have been widely used in real-time and in-situ surveys of the pollution characteristics and spatial distributions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in soils and groundwaters at polluted sites. China currently has great demand for technologies and equipment capable of high-precision and rapid screening of soils at contaminated sites. However, the indigenous research and development in this field is still in its infancy. Based on the systematic analysis of application examples of MIP technology at organic pollution sites at home and abroad, this review analyzes the current research status and potential future developments in this field from the perspective of bibliometrics. The use of MIP was first reported in 1996 and the number of publications in this field has increased year by year. At present, the United States and China are the two countries with more research and use of MIP. Currently, the pollutants that MIP has been used for in-situ real-time detection include the benzene series, halogenated hydrocarbons, and petroleum hydrocarbons in contaminated sites. The development of MIP has gone through three stages, namely the research and development of VOC sensors, the in-situ analysis of VOCs in polluted soils and groundwater, and the application of combined probes. Coupling MIP technology with other multiple probes and research and development of associated equipment will become an important future direction in this field. Finally, based on the limitations of MIP in the detection of organic pollutants at contaminated sites and combined with the actual demands and key scientific issues of soil surveys in Chinese, future research and development directions are also proposed from the following four fields: (1) clarifying the interface mass transfer and diffusion mechanism of pollutants in soils; (2) designing high-performance semi-permeable membranes; (3) developing high-precision drilling and integrated detection equipment; and (4) establishing relevant standards and technical guidelines.