椰纤维生物炭及其硝酸改性对稻田土壤中Pb钝化的影响

通过土壤培养实验，并结合扫描电镜(SEM)、 X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、同步辐射X射线荧光(μ-XRF)和傅立叶变换红外吸收光谱(FTIR)等光谱学技术，探明椰纤维生物炭(CFB)和硝酸改性椰纤维生物炭(NCFB)对稻田土壤钝化外源铅(Pb)的效果及其内在机制.与CFB相比，NCFB蜂窝状孔内壁更粗糙，且硝酸改性后CFB表面含C—O结构的醇酚醚类官能团量明显降低，含■结构的羧基类的官能团量明显增加.相较于培养150 d后的对照(不添加生物炭)稻田土壤，添加CFB和NCFB的稻田土壤中EDTA提取态Pb含量分别降低了39.7%和105.4%.添加NCFB的土壤中碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态Pb含量显著降低且有机结合态和残渣态Pb含量则显著升高，SRXRF扫描结果可知外源Pb在富含Ca和Cu元素的CFB颗粒微区大量富集，在富含Fe、 Mn和Ti元素的土壤团聚体微区富集相对较少.另外，培养实验中，相较于无外源Pb时A-CFB和A-NCFB,有外源Pb时A-CFB_Pb和A-NCFB_Pb中的羧酸盐特征峰(1 384 cm^-1)...

Effect of Coconut Fiber Biochar and Its Nitrate Modification on Pb Passivation in Paddy Soils

The effects of coconut fiber biochar (CFB) and nitrate-modified coconut fiber biochar (NCFB) on the passivation of exogenous lead (Pb) in paddy soils and their underlying mechanisms were investigated using soil incubation experiments combined with spectroscopic techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SRXRF), and Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy (FTIR). The effects of NCFB and CFB on the passivation of exogenous lead (Pb) in paddy soils and its underlying mechanisms were investigated. Compared with that of CFB, the inner wall of NCFB honeycomb pores was rougher, and the amount of alcohol-phenol-ether functional groups containing the C-O structure and the amount of carboxyl groups containing the CFY=,1]O/OFY=,1]C-O structure on the surface of CFB was significantly decreased after nitric acid modification. Compared with that in the control (without biochar) paddy soil after 150 d of incubation, the EDTA-extracted Pb content in the paddy soil with CFB and NCFB was reduced by 39.7% and 105.4%, respectively. The carbonate-bound and Fe-Mn oxide-bound Pb contents were significantly lower, and the organic-bound and residue Pb contents were significantly higher in the NCFB-added soil. The SRXRF scans showed that the exogenous Pb was enriched in the microregions of CFB particles rich in Ca and Cu elements and relatively less so in the microregions of soil aggregates rich in the Fe, Mn, and Ti elements. In addition, the characteristic peaks of carboxylates (1384 cm^-1) in A-CFB_Pb and A-NCFB_Pb were significantly enhanced in the incubation experiment in the presence of exogenous Pb compared to A-CFB and A-NCFB in the absence of exogenous Pb. The addition of CFB or NCFB was more effective in passivating exogenous Pb in paddy soils and promoted the gradual transformation of Pb from unstable to more stable forms in paddy soils to achieve the effect of passivating Pb. The greater amount of carboxyl functional groups in NCFB participated in the passivation of exogenous Pb, which made NCFB more effective than CFB in passivating Pb. NCFB was more effective than CFB in passivating exogenous Pb in paddy soils due to its rougher inner walls of honeycomb pores and abundant carboxyl functional groups. In tropical areas such as Hainan, coconut fiber biochar and its modification can be considered as an environmentally friendly candidate method for the remediation of soil Pb contamination.