吐鲁番南盆地平原区地下水污染风险评价

地下水污染风险评价是地下水污染防治的有效工具，评价体系主要包括地下水污染源荷载评价、地下水脆弱性评价和地下水功能价值评价这3个部分.以吐鲁番南盆地平原区为例，利用调查数据和土地利用数据划分点源污染和面源污染，进行地下水污染源荷载评价；选取经典的DRASTIC模型进行地下水脆弱性评价；从水质和水量的角度进行地下水功能价值评价.利用GIS平台将3个评价结果加权叠加，生成地下水污染风险区划图.结果表明，研究区地下水污染风险整体较低.高风险和较高风险区域面积占研究区总面积的15.5%,主要分布在研究区的L1、 L2和L3处.L1主要受到高污染源荷载和高地下水脆弱性的影响；L2主要是由高地下水功能价值和以生活为主的面源污染共同作用的结果；以农业生产为主的面源污染和较高的地下水功能价值是L3区域地下水污染风险偏高的主要原因.地下水污染风险评价结果对决策者划定地下水污染防治区具有重要参考.

Assessment of Groundwater Contamination Risk in the Plain Area of Southern Turpan Basin

Groundwater contamination risk assessment is an effective tool for groundwater pollution prevention and control. The evaluation system mainly includes three parts:groundwater contamination source load assessment, groundwater vulnerability assessment, and groundwater function value evaluation. Taking the plain area of southern Turpan Basin as an example, based on the survey data and land use data, point source pollution and non-point source pollution were divided to evaluate the load of groundwater pollution sources, the classical DRASTIC model was selected to evaluate the vulnerability of groundwater, and the functional value of groundwater was evaluated from the point of view of water quality and quantity. The three factors were weighted and superimposed via GIS platform to generate the risk zoning map of groundwater contamination. The results showed that the overall risk of groundwater contamination in the study area was low. The area of high-risk and relatively high-risk areas accounted for 15.5% of the total study area, which were mainly distributed in L1, L2, and L3 of the study area. L1 was mainly affected by high pollution source load and high groundwater vulnerability. L2 was mainly the result of the joint action of high groundwater function value and domestic non-point source pollution. Non-point source pollution dominated by agricultural activities and high functional value of groundwater were the main reasons for the high risk of groundwater pollution in the L3 area. The results of the groundwater contamination risk assessment serve as an important reference for decision-makers to delineate the prevention and control area of groundwater pollution.