船舶排放清单研究方法及进展

远洋船舶在港口和近海范围的排放清单是研究大气复合污染的形成和应对机制的迫切需求,船舶因其动态、多源、跨国注册等特点,是源清单研究中难度较大的部门.本文对现有研究在全球、区域、港口尺度的数据需求、方法学和适用性进行了综述,对比评价了各方法的优缺点和适用范围,归纳了能提供高分辨率排放清单的方法体系.其中燃油法更适用于全球清单计算,但不适用于区域清单;贸易法对基础数据要求较低,但不确定度较大;统计法依赖统计数据,更适用于港口范围;动力法准确性最高,但对基础数据有较高要求.此外,从全球、区域、港口尺度方面介绍了船舶清单的研究进展,提出了未来改进清单面临的排放因子和AIS数据方面的挑战,并展望了我国船舶排放清单研究的发展方向.

Review of methods and progress on shipping emission inventory studies

There is an urgent demand of developing port and regional shipping emission inventory in recent years. Shipping emission inventory is one of the most difficult issue in the emission inventory research, owing to its characteristics of mobility, multi-sources and transnational. This paper compares the methodology, data requirement and applicability of the recently studies. We find that the fuel-base method applies to large and long scale calculation, the trade-based method has lower requirement for data but reflects greater uncertainties, the statistics-based method applies to port scale and the activity-based method is used for calculation with higher spatial resolution. Meanwhile, the research progress of shipping emission inventory is reviewed including global, regional and port scale. Furthermore, this paper summarizes the emergent challenges including poor emission factor data and AIS data, and provides an outlook of shipping emission inventory development in China.