对用近因原则处理工伤认定的思考

近因原则是商业保险中用于区分保险责任和非保险责任的一个被普遍认可的工作原则,工伤认定是确认是否进行工伤保险金给付的前提。针对目前中国工伤认定相关法律不健全的现状,笔者首次提出在工伤认定有关规定的列举法空白处,使用近因原则的建议。有益于完善工伤认定工作。通过分析我国工伤认定有关规定的历史沿革与现行做法,指出现行工伤认定规定不合理之处,如列举未尽的弹性处理不利于员工、严苛的免责条款不利于雇主、雇员野蛮操作零成本降低社会福利,应用近因原则处理过劳死、未经归类的职业病两个案例,弥补现行工伤认定立法缺陷,实践证明,工伤认定中使用近因原则是可行的、合理的、实用的。

Application of Proximate Cause Principle in Industrial Injuries Cognizance

Principle of proximate cause is accepted generally to distinguish insurance liability and exclusions, and industrial injuries cognizance is the precondition to pay injury insurance benefits. On the condition of imperfection law about injuries cognizance, it is suggested that the principle of proximate cause could be used when the law doesn't list exhaustively first. The importance of industrial injuries cognizance is emphasized, and the law about industrial injuries cognizance in the past and in force is described, and the irrationality of the law about industrial injuries cognizance now in use is analyzed, for example: flexible settlement when the law doesn't list exhaustively may do harm to the worker, slashing escape clause may do harm to the employer, and wild operation of workers will reduce social welfare. At last, how to use principle of proximate to confirm industrial injuries is exemplified with two cases.