Carbon benefits from Amazonian forest reserves: leakage accounting and the value of time |
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Authors: | Philip M Fearnside |
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Institution: | 1. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amaz?nia (INPA), Avenida André Araújo, 2936, C.P. 478, 69011-970, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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Abstract: | Amazonian forest reserves have significant carbon benefits, but the methodology used for accounting for these benefits will
be critical in determining whether the powerful economic force represented by mitigation efforts to slow global warming will
be applied to creating these reserves. Opportunities for reserve creation are quickly being lost as new areas are opened to
deforestation though highway construction and other developments. Leakage, or the effects that a reserve or other mitigation
project provokes outside of the project boundaries, is critical to a proper accounting of net carbon benefits. Protected areas
in the Amazon have particularly great potential mitigation benefits over an extended time horizon. Over a 100-year time frame,
virtually no unprotected forest is likely to remain, meaning that potential leakages (both leakage to the vicinity of the
reserves and that displaced by removing protected areas from the land-grabbing market) should not matter much because any
short-term leakage would be “recovered” eventually. The effect of the value attributed to time greatly influences the impact
of leakage on benefits credited to reserves. Simple assumptions regarding leakage scenarios illustrate the benefits of reserves
and the critical areas where agreement is necessary to make this option a practical component of mitigation efforts. The stakes
are too high to allow further delays in reaching agreement on these issues. |
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Keywords: | Global warming Greenhouse effect Mitigation Avoided deforestation REDD Kyoto protocol Reduced emissions Deforestation Brazil |
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