基于村庄分散度的农村生活污水治理模式量化分析

随着农村地区生活水平的提升，生活污水所含污染物成分趋于复杂化，未经处理就地排放对生态环境影响不容小觑。目前，农村生活污水治理模式种类多样，但决策方法缺乏科学依据。以内蒙古地区82个村落为研究对象。以自然村落为最小研究单元，利用村落宅基地占比、村落长宽比、周长、极限距离、坡度0°~8°占比和坡度标准差等指标，构建了居住密度决策树 (准确率76%) 以及地势决策树 (准确率88%) 。决策树所得结果通过二分类概率单位回归 (Probit)分析 (准确率87%) ，确定其村落集中或分散情况，进而选择适宜的村落污水治理模式 (集中模式、纳管模式、分散模式、拉运模式、就地利用模式) 。农村生活污水治理模式决策方法的确立决策指标的量化，为促进农村生活污水治理体系的发展、提升污水治理的有效性具有积极意义。

Quantitative analysis of rural domestic sewage treatment mode based on village dispersion

With the improvement of living standards in rural areas, the composition of pollutants contained in domestic sewage tends to be complicated, and the impact of untreated on-site discharge on the ecological environment cannot be underestimated. At present, there are various types of rural domestic sewage treatment modes, but the decision-making methods lack scientific basis. This paper taked 82 villages in Inner Mongolia as the research object. Taking the natural village as the smallest research unit, the residential density decision tree (accuracy : 76%) and the terrain decision tree (accuracy : 88%) were constructed by using the proportion of village homestead, the ratio of village length to width, perimeter, limit distance, the proportion of slope 0°~8 ° and the standard deviation of slope. The results of the decision tree were analyzed by the binary classification probability unit regression (Probit) analysis (accuracy rate : 87%) to determine the concentration or dispersion of the villages, and then select the appropriate village sewage treatment mode (centralized mode, receiving mode, decentralized mode, pulling mode, local utilization mode). The establishment of the decision-making method of rural domestic sewage treatment model has constructed and quantified the decision-making indicators, which is of positive significance for promoting the development of rural domestic sewage treatment system and improving the effectiveness of sewage treatment.