农户经营行为对农村生态环境影响研究

农户生产经营行为关系到生产资源的合理利用与配置,影响到农村生态系统保护及其可持续发展。本研究以武汉城市圈及长株潭城市群内的650个农户为有效样本,分析了农户经营行为对农村生态环境及其五种表现形式的影响。结果表明:①劳动力投入行为中收入来源、家庭人均收入对农业面源污染有显著负面影响,家庭常住人口、家庭人均年收入对生活垃圾污染分别有显著正、负面影响;②农户文化程度越高,越能认识到农村生态环境污染问题;③经营规模越大,农业面源污染越严重,而对其它四类表现形式影响不显著;④农业投资力度越大,为提高产量而会造成越严重的农业面源污染及水质污染;⑤农户经营组织行为中,有机肥施用行为会造成农业面源污染,这些未施用的有机肥又会加剧生活垃圾污染,而且有机肥使用越多,农业面源污染及水质污染也就变弱。另外,参加技术培训会降低农业面源污染和水质污染。可见,农户经营行为更多地是在影响农村生态环境中的农业面源污染、水质污染及生活垃圾污染,对空气噪音污染及工业转嫁污染的影响并不明显。

Effects of Farmer Households’ Production and Operation Behaviors on Rural Eco-environment

The production and operation behaviors of farmer households concern the reasonable utilization and allocation of the production resources and affect the protection of rural ecological system and its sustainable development.With 650 respondents of farmer households from Wuhan Urban Circle and Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Urban Agglomeration as the valid sample,this paper,by means of econometric model,analyzes the impacts of production and operation behaviors of the farmer households on rural eco-environment and their five representation forms.The results show that:(1) income source and per capita income per family in labor force input behavior have significantly negative effects on agricultural non-point source pollution,and family permanent population and annual per capita income per family have significantly positive and negative effects on domestic garbage pollution respectively;(2) the higher the educational attainments of the farmers,the better they realize the rural ecological environment pollution problems;(3) the larger the scale of operation,the more serious the agricultural non-point source pollution,and meanwhile,they have no significant effects on other four forms;(4) the more the agricultural investment,the more serious the agricultural non-point source pollution and rural water pollution caused by increase in yield;(5) in the operation and organization behaviors of farmer households,the application of organic fertilizers will result in agricultural non-point source pollution,and these unapplied organic fertilizers aggravate domestic garbage pollution.The more the organic fertilizers applied,the worse the agricultural non-point source pollution and the rural water pollution.In addition,the participation in agrotechnical training will reduce the agricultural non-point pollution and water pollution.Therefore,the production and operation behaviors of farmer households mainly affect agricultural non-point source pollution,water pollution and domestic garbage pollution while insignificantly affecting the air-noise pollution and industrial transferred pollution.